Overloading Trucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overloading Trucks - Essay Example Although overloading might be seen as quite a common and widely practices approach in any nation but it has certain adverse impacts which require to be discussed. The adverse impacts of overloading of trucks might result in occurring severe life risk accidents, negative impacts in the materials overloaded and unfavorable impacts on the vehicles along with roads among others. In order to deal with this critical concern, government of every nation frames certain regulation, adherence of which is mandatory for the vehicles (NTEA, n.d.). In order to acquire a comprehensive understanding about the aforesaid subject matter, the legislation and law of overloading trucks in New Zealand (NZ) and Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been elaborated in the following discussion. Overloading of vehicles is a serious offence in any part of the world. This aspect of transport law can also be seen in the legislation of New Zealand. Overloading is seen as a serious offence in New-Zealand owing to the fact that it has severe negative impacts on the vehicles, people and the goods carried among others. According to the Land Transport Management Act 2003 in New Zealand, trucks and other vehicles should be aware of their liabilities and act accordingly. Furthermore, Land Transport Act 1998 instructs that vehicles drivers should always ensure safety of the road, the vehicle and the people travelling in highways. Contextually, restrictions against overloading of trucks and other heavy vehicles are highly crucial. According to section 43 of the Land Transport Act 1998, a person carrying a heavy motor vehicle (e.g. Truck) will fall under the offence of infringement, if he/she is carrying the vehicle with goods in excess of the prescribed limit of weight for that particul ar vehicle. Furthermore, the law also signifies that the person will also be accused separately for overloading in each of the axle of the vehicles. Non-compliance of this section of the

Jetstar Airways Essay Example for Free

Jetstar Airways Essay Jetstar Airways is an Australia low-cost carrier airline based in Melbourne, Australia. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Qantas Group. Qantas established Jetstar in 2003 as a response to main competitor airline Virgin Australia (formerly known as Virgin Blue). Despite its low cost, Jetstar operates an extensive domestic network and is the world’s largest long-haul low cost carrier. Jetstar operates to destinations in Asia the Pacific Ocean, with future plans of expanding their services throughout Europe. Jetstar currently offers a limited number of connecting services without through baggage checking, and it became the first Australia airline to allow customers to select their seat upon booking. The airline, which participates in the Qantas Frequent Flyer Programme, operates a fleet of Airbus A320-family and A330 aircraft. Mission Statement Jetstar’s mission is to offer all day, every day low fares to enable more people to fly to more places, more often (Jetstar, 2012). Company Objectives  Jetstar is part of the Qantas Groups two-brand growth strategy, where Qantas competes at the premium and business market and Jetstar focuses on leisure markets. The Jetstar Group is a value based, low fares network of airlines operating in the leisure and value based markets. Jetstar aims to have Australia’s lowest fares on all the routes it operates on. Jetstar has backed its airfares with a Price Beat Guarantee. If any customers find a lower fare elsewhere online, provided it is on the same day, the same route and at a within the same time frame, Jetstar will beat the quoted fare by 10 per cent. Slogan – Low fares, all day, everyday Market Overview Definition of the market Jetstar operates in the low-cost carrier market within Australia. Their target market is the general public, who seeks cheap and accessible airfares and flight availability to travel within Australia. Major competitors include Virgin Australia and Tiger Airways Australia. Market Size Jetstar is currently the third largest domestic Australian airline (by market share) and fifth largest international airline (by capacity share) serving international routes to-and-from Australia (Jetstar, 2011). Jetstar shares its parents strong competition with Australias biggest low-cost carrier Virgin Australia. Domestic travel accounts for 75% of the airline industry revenue in Australia (Taylor Woodings, 2011) Market Potential The market is currently in the decline stage. From 2007, Australian domestic air travel started with buoyant demand for air travel and high fuel prices boosted ticket prices. However, domestic airlines faced major hurdles when the global economic downturn hit. Higher unemployment and a decline in discretionary income slowed demand for air travel in Australia. In particular, business travellers abandon air travel in favour of teleconferences and e-mail. Demand also weakened as Australians have started to plan travelling internationally. Market Structure The domestic flights market can be considered as an oligopoly. The 3 main companies that have the most market share are Virgin Australia, Jetstar and Tiger Airways Australia. Trends Demographic: Australia is an underpopulated country and is also an ageing. However, over the years the numbers of migrants have been increasing. With the rising number of migrants, there will most likely be an increase in the number of domestic flights demanded since they may want to visit other cities Economic:  Australia currently has the strongest economy in the developed world and it is expected to outperform all comers for at least the next two years, according to the International Monetary Fund (2012). The IMF also forecasts Australias unemployment rate to remain low at 5. 2 per cent in both 2012 and 2013. With the Australia having an unemployment rate of only 5. 2%, it can be assumed that people are more likely to have surplus cash and may have plans of flying domestic, whether it be for a holiday or business. Natural: Australia’s changing natural environment has had an impact on the customers, nvestors and Jetstar. Jetstar is committed to minimising its impact on the environment and has introduced various initiatives to address this important issue. On 19 September 2007, Jetstar introduced a passenger Carbon Offset scheme facilitated through the Australian Government’s Greenhouse Friendlyâ„ ¢ initiative. Through the Carbon Offset scheme, Jetstar’s passengers can choose to make their journey carbon neutral by purchasing carbon offsets on all domestic and international services via a seamless single step process at the time of booking at Jetstar. com. Jetstar’s Carbon Offset program is now one of the most successful programs in the Australian airline industry and has raised almost $600,000. About 12 per cent of all passengers booking at Jetstar. com currently choose to offset their share of flight emissions. Jetstar’s Carbon Offset program has proven to be particularly successful on a number of domestic routes, including Sydney-Ballina Byron, which in 2008 has averaged 24 per cent of passengers booking via the web opting to carbon-offset their flight, Melbourne-Ballina Byron (20%), Adelaide-Melbourne Avalon (16%), Melbourne- Hobart (15%) and Sydney-Melbourne Avalon (14%). Our carbon offsets are purchased through Climate Friendly, who has been ranked as the number one carbon offset provider in Australia by the Carbon Offset Watch and is a founding member of the International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA). Technological: Technology plays a vital role in both the airline industry. In order to have a competitive advantage, it is required that the technology used is up to date. Jetstar is equipping its fleet of A320 and A321 aircraft with the latest satellite-linked navigation system to improve safety and on-time performance. Aircraft fitted with the system known as Required Navigation Performance (RNP) can safely navigate around cloud-shrouded mountains, through valleys and over high terrain when low visibility would increase the chance of flight disruptions. Air Services Australia reported those 4,200 minutes of flying time and 17,300 nautical miles was saved during 1,612 RNP assisted approaches. As a result more than 200,000 kg of jet fuel was saved and carbon emissions were reduced by 650,000 kg. The new navigation aid reduces the time spent circling due to bad weather, which helps passengers arrive on time and cuts our fuel use. Political/Legal: Over the years the rising carbon tax in Australia has affected future plans of Jetstar. Maintaining and running an aircraft is bound to produce a lot of carbon dioxide. As a result Jetstar has started to reduce the amount their carbon footprint by introducing new technology.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching Educational

My Philosophy of Education Is there a certain set of guidelines that need to be followed when teaching? If so, what should the main points of these rules be? I believe that when teaching, an instructor needs to consider the nature of the students and the importance of a good education. A teacher should also have some sort of idea about the teaching methods that should be used in the classroom. I believe that all students are capable of learning when given the opportunity. Children are not born evil. They are just simply born with a curiosity for new things. I think that the environment of a child affects their ability to learn. For instance, if a child is sent into a classroom where the temperature is constantly uncomfortable, the child’s attention will be diverted away from the lesson. A student needs to feel comfortable and relaxed when attempting to learn something new. I also feel that lessons should be taught on the level of the students because children do not think the same as adults do. They learn better through their experiences. Therefore, lessons should be as simple as possible and involve some sort of hands-on learning experiments. I think that the nature of knowledge is relative because the truth can vary depending on certain factors. These factors include the individual person, the time, and the place where the truth is created. I believe that a person can develop their own knowledge based upon their own personal beliefs and experiences, whereas, the absolute nature would require the truth to be discovered instead of created. The overall purpose of education is to teach children the skills that are needed to function in the real world. These skills allow the children to receive better jobs, which in turn... ...want my students to respect me; I do not want them to fear me. The areas of particular importance in the elementary curriculum are reading and writing. I will stress these areas because they are used in everyday life for entertainment and other activities. For example, many people read books or magazines to pass the time. Some people write in diaries or write letters to family and friends during their spare time. I believe that students need to have a firm grasp on these two subjects before pursuing further education. In conclusion, there are a set of guidelines that teachers need to follow. These rules are not universal but they are the personal beliefs and goals of the teacher. A teacher needs to have an idea about the nature of the students, the purpose of education, the teaching methods, and curriculum before attempting to educate a class full of students.

July at the Multiplex Essay

The purpose of this report is to inform Mr. Mull T. Plex and the consortium of theaters about the recommended actions to take against moviegoer Tommy. The options include proceeding with the litigation or negotiating a settlement that will be dealt with privately. The litigation against the Royal Theater is made by Tommy, a customer who claimed to have received a poor experience at the theater. In the following report, we used legal, statistical, and ethical reasoning. Legal: After analyzing both parties’ facts, there is a lack of fraudulent misrepresentation to follow suit. Therefore, Tommy has a weak standing. Statistical: 94% of surveyed moviegoers were not fazed by the commercials screened before the featured film. Ethical: The litigation by Tommy was propelled by the lack of quality customer service on Royal Theater’s behalf. This case does not need to proceed and can be resolved by making small adjustments to Royal Theater’s policies. Based on these analyses, we advise Mr. Mull T. Plex and the consortium to negotiate a private settlement. In order to prevent this from occurring again, we have also suggested our recommendations on adjustments to Royal Theater’s ticket stubs and refund policy. Introduction Mr. Mull T. Plex and the consortium of theaters around the area have hired our consulting team to analyze and break down the litigation against the Royal Theater made by Tommy. Tommy is suing the Royal Theater on charges of fraudulent misrepresentation and the consortium of theaters is very well concerned with the possibility of a class action lawsuit that could prevail from this case. Tommy’s lawsuit is based on his experience at the Royal Theater during the screening of movie â€Å"The Governator.† After a displeasing chain of events, Tommy demanded a full refund in which Royal Theater refused. Mr. Plex and the consortium of theaters have asked us to assess the  situation and to authenticate whether or not Tommy’s case will prevail in court. We have put together a thorough report containing evidence that Tommy’s case against the Royal Theater is very unlikely to be triumphant in court, survey results and recommendations which will not only help the Roy al Theater, but also the consortium of theaters to abstain from future allegations such as the ones made by Tommy. Facts 1. Representation of facts Tommy: Royal theaters informed Tommy that the movie begun at 1:00 PM. Tommy not only saw it on a newspaper advertisement but also confirmed it with the clerk. It was also the dimming of the light at 1:00 PM that led Tommy to believe that the showing was about to begin. 2. Representation was false Tommy: Tommy was lead to believe that the movie was to start at 1:00 PM, not the commercials. Since the commercials were 20 minutes long, the movie technically started at 1:20 PM and should have been represented like that. 3. Misrepresentation Tommy: Tommy is not a regular moviegoer; having some free time gave him the opportunity to enjoy a movie. Following a misrepresented time line left Tommy in a fraudulent misrepresentation of an untrue statement. Royal Theaters shouldn’t assume that just because other theaters show commercials that they shouldn’t disclose the knowledge of the movies true start time. Royal Theater: Royal Theater did not lie to Tommy. The viewing did start at 1:00 PM. The commercials are part of the experience of watching a movie and have been for a while not only at that theater but many others. The dimming of the lights is an indication that the audience should grab their seat so they won’t disturb the audience if they walk in a couple minutes late from the actual movie. 4. Intention the Plaintiff Should Rely Upon Tommy: Tommy saw an ad that was intentionally placed for movie goers by Royal Theaters. Relying on the information provided, Tommy rushed to make it on time to the movie that was said to start at 1:00 PM. What Tommy didn’t know was that Royal Theaters intentionally doesn’t inform people that the commercials start at 1:00 PM and lasts about 20 minutes. Dimming the lights  at 1:00 PM also seem to have prompted Tommy into coming early so he wouldn’t struggle to find a seat, forcing him to watch the commercials. Royal Theater: Royal Theaters is aware that not everyone is punctual. This commercial time allows people to not run around frantically looking for seats. Instead, it allows people to use the restroom facilities, grab any snacks and drinks from the concession stand, and return to the screening to avoid missing the movie. 5. The Plaintiff Reasonably Did So Rely Tommy relied on the continuous notion provided by the theater that the movie starts at 1:00 PM. Taking initiative to double check the times left Tommy no other choice but to trust and rely on the theaters ad and employees. 6. Damages Tommy: Being emotionally and financially damaged, Tommy is suing Mr. Mull T. Plex for the money spent on the ticket, concession stand, gas and mileage, and his time that was wasted. Royal Theater: Tommy did not suffer any severe damages. Driving to the destination is a choice that all moviegoers make on their own. Whether or not they would like to enjoy snacks and a drink is their decision to make and he had no complaints about that. The movie that was being played at the theater was an anticipated one that most people seem to have enjoyed. Survey Results We conducted a random survey consisting of a sample size of 100 moviegoers. They were asked if they were disturbed by the commercials and only 6% of the sample were disturbed by the commercials. Another random survey was conducted and 300 people were asked if the commercials were a disturbance. The result was 6% of the sample were disturbed. This shows that the showing of the commercials before the movie didn’t disturb many moviegoers. Please refer to the attached appendix for the full analytics. Recommendation The litigation made against Royal Theater heavily revolves around customer service. In order to improve customer service it is advised that all employees answer correctly in accordance to show times. Employees should inform customers the time the lights dim and the time the actual film  begins. In addition, a refund policy should be implicated. If the customer isn’t satisfied with the movie within the first 30 minutes, they reserve the right to a full refund. Movie ticket stubs should indicate what time the actual film begins to avoid future confusion with movie patrons. To ensure that Tommy is satisfied, the Royal Theater should issue a private apology. We also recommend that Tommy be gifted a pair of movie tickets and vouchers for the concession stand. A public announcement should be published in the local newspaper informing future moviegoers that there are 20 minutes of commercials before any movie. Conclusion Using legal, statistical and ethical reasoning, we found that Tommy’s case is minor and should not reach the courtroom. The issue roots from Tommy’s opinion on the Royal Theater’s customer service and commercial policy. Tommy’s reasoning does not hold legal value, therefore would not make it to a court room. Only 1% of moviegoers felt bothered by commercials before their anticipated screening. The consortium shouldn’t adopt drastic changes, as our survey results displayed that there weren’t many movie patrons disappointed that their film started twenty minutes late due to commercials. By issuing a private apology, Tommy would feel appreciated as a customer. We feel that by applying minor changes, movie patrons will continue to frequent Royal Theaters and leave happy with their experience.

Elizabethan era architecture and interior design outline

Elizabethan era architecture and interior design outline BY Stucco 5 Architecture and Interior Design Outline Introduction The houses of the 19th century were considered as out nodded and poorly decorated. 1 . The main idea for a family home in the 19th century was an opened floor plan. 2. The main floor of a Victorian house included the porch, living room, and a dining kitchen. 3. Before the 19th century each room served its own purpose, such as a parlor, library, and 4. The number of sitting rooms. Bedrooms upstairs decreased because it was the new trend to have smaller families. The more smaller rooms you had in your house the warmer it would stay. B. During the 19th century rooms were decorated and painted in bold colors with wooden floors. 1 . Windows no longer carried long drapes that came down to the floor. 2. Bookshelves and wardrobes were then being built in. 3. This left the floor nice and clear for rearrangement of furniture and to hold various activities. 4. In Mission St yle homes wood furniture was suited best by complimenting the home. 5. The wooden furniture was also most affordable to the middle class and less fortunate. 6.The furniture lacked in comfort so people had to add throw pillows to the seats, and backs of the chairs, but the furniture did make up in durability. 7. This furniture was also used in schools, because of their durability. B. -continued- The art Nouveau Style of decoration was much more expensive so it was often found in the homes of the wealthy. 1. The designer of the furniture was the son of the most popular American Jeweler and silversmith. 2. The designers name was Louis Comfort Tiffany. 3. The decorative age â€Å"American Renaissance† took over in 1875, Louis C. Tiffany was a large factor in this takeover, with expensive taste. 5. Tiffany studied at New York City's National Academy of Arts and design. 6. Tiffany became an interior designer, who specialized in tiles, wall hangings, murals, and stained glass. 7. Hi s Job was to give character and personality to Victorian mansions, theaters, and churches. 8. Tiffany was very well paid. 9. His name soon became known as the biggest name in design and decoration. 10. The Tiffany were a father and son group. 11. The father (Charles Lewis Tiffany) owned Tiffany . C.For building the buildings during this time period they made the transition from iron frame to steel frame in 1880. 1 . During this time architects wanted to expand their creations so they started making the buildings taller. 2. In Chicago the first skyscraper was built. 3. The definition off skyscraper to an architect is † a metal frame building at least one-hundred feet tall. † 4. The home insurance building was the worlds first skyscraper, with only 12 stories. 5. Compared to the buildings now this nothing. 6. The Home Insurance Building was demolished in 1884.

Archaeology Is a Great Research Paper Option

Archaeology Is a Great Research Paper Option Lets face itone of the toughest jobs of the student is to find a research paper topic, especially if your professor has assigned you a term paper with an open-ended subject. May I recommend archaeology as a starting point? People generally think of archaeology as simply a set of methods: Have trowel, will travel is the theme song for many an archaeological field worker. But in fact, the results of two hundred years of fieldwork and laboratory research means that archaeology is the study of a million years of human behavior, and as such it intersects evolution, anthropology, history, geology, geography, politics, and sociology. And thats just a start. In fact, archaeologys breadth is why I was drawn to the study in the first place. You can just about study anythingeven molecular physics or computer scienceand still be a working archaeologist. After more than fifteen years running this website, Ive built a number of places which you can use as a jumping off point to a fascinating paper, whether you are studying in the field of archaeology or outside of it. And with any luck, you can have fun doing it. I have organized the resources for this website using a broad areal coverage of world history, and in the meantime Ive developed a handful of encyclopedic directories that will help you in your search for the perfect paper topic. In each pocket youll find tidbits about ancient cultures and their archaeological sites compiled from provided references and other suggestions for further research. Somebody should benefit from my particular brand of lunacy! The History of Humans on Planet Earth The History of Humanity includes information on archaeological studies beginning with the very first stone tools of our human ancestors in the Stone Age of 2.5 million years ago, ends with medieval societies about 1500 AD and includes everything in between. Here youll find information on our human ancestors (2.5 million-20,000 years ago), as well as hunter-gatherers (20,000-12,000 years ago), first farming societies (12,000-5,000 years ago), early civilizations (3000-1500 BC), ancient empires (1500-0 BC), developing states (AD 0-1000) and the medieval period (1000-1500 AD). Ancient Civilizations Dont miss my collection of Ancient Civilizations, which brings together resources and ideas on Egypt, Greece, Persia, the Near East, the Incan and Aztec Empires, the Khmer, Indus and Islamic Civilizations, the Roman Empire, the Vikings and the Moche and the Minoans and others too many to mention. Domestication Histories Food naturally fascinates all of us: and more to the point, archaeology is the main source of information about how the domestication of the animals and plants that make up our meals came about. Over the last couple of decades, with the addition of genetic studies, what weve understood about the timing and process of animal and plant domestication has changed greatly. I recommend that you can get a taste of what science has learned about when and how we domesticated cattle, cats and camels, or chickpeas, chiles and chenopodium, can be found linked from the Tables of Animal Domestication and Plant Domestication, and the scientific literature I used to write those articles can serve as starting points for a possible paper. The World Atlas of Archaeology Want to study a particular continent or region? The World Atlas of Archaeology is a great place to kick off your investigations: it is an atlas of archaeological sites and cultures in the world sorted by modern geographic continent and political country boundaries.   The Ancient Daily Life pages includes links to archaeological investigations of roads and writing, battle sites and ancient houses, prehistoric tools and climate change. Scientist Biographies Interested in writing a biography of a famous archaeologist? Then the Biographies in Archaeology should be the starting place for you. There are nearly 500 biographical sketches listed in the Biographies pocket so far. In there youll also find a Women in Archaeology section. I segregated the women out for my own nefarious purposes, and you might as well take advantage of it. A Vast Glossary of Ideas Another resource for piquing your interest is the Archaeology Dictionary, which includes over 1,600 entries of cultures, archaeological sites, theories and other tidbits of archaeological information. I recommend that you simply pick a letter at random and scroll down through the entries. Some of the entries are full-fledged articles; others are short definitions, covering nearly twenty years of my exploration in archaeology, and I bet anything that something will pique your interest. Once youve chosen your topic, you can begin searching for information on which to write your essay. Good luck! More Tips for Writing Research Papers How to Conduct Background Research for a PaperTop Steps to Writing a Research Paper

Identify any Difficulties Encountered in Supporting the Learning Activities Essays

Identify any Difficulties Encountered in Supporting the Learning Activities Essays Identify any Difficulties Encountered in Supporting the Learning Activities Paper Identify any Difficulties Encountered in Supporting the Learning Activities Paper Describe the Sorts of Problems that Might Occur when Supporting Learning Activities and How to Deal with These Unorganised planning: If a lesson has not had the appropriate amount of planning or if the staff that are involved in the activity are not aware of their role and what is expected it can cause confusion during the lesson meaning it will not flow and the children will have disturb learning. To prevent this it is important that all member of the team are aware of the activity what is going to happen and what level of support nd assistance they are expected to provide. This should be done before the children are in the classroom and before they start the learning activity. Insufficient resources: The majority of activities set by the teacher will require the use of multiple resources for example exercise books, pencils, crayons, scissors, glue, rulers ect. Sometimes, unfortunately there are not always enough resources available for every student which results in a delay in the start of work, due to trying to locate the supplies. To help deal with and prevent this from happening the esources should be located and prepared before the lesson begins ensuring there is enough for the class. Where this is not possible it is important to organise the resourses you do have to enable you to share them out equally and encourage the children to share with a partner whenever possible. Noise: Classrooms can often become a very noisy environment when children are learning and working in groups or individually. This can be a huge distraction for children and prevent them from producing the best work they can and also slow their work pace resulting in unfinished work. To help combat this it is important to remind the children at regular intervals that they should keep there voices to a whisper and raise their hand rather than shout out. Also having a way to get the whole classes attention when they are being far too noisy for example in my setting the teacher would say 1 2 3 and the children would be expected to put down anything they were doing, look at the teacher and reply look at me this would make it easier to know that the teacher had the full attention of all the children when needed. Also outside noise can cause a distraction, for example noise from a eighbouring classroom or hallway a way to help stop this noise always make sure the door is shut during lesson times to minimise disruption. . Wide spectrum of abilities: Having a inclusive class with a wide range of children and abilities could also cause a problem when supporting learning activities, has been set. This can be dealt with by splitting the children in to ability based groups and providing the appropriate work for each group and setting achievable targets. By encouraging the higher ability children to help those struggling will help keep the clas s working at a similar pace. Shy students: Some children may suffer with confidence issues which may affect their individual work and contribution to the class as they are worried they may get answers wrong and getting told off. To combat this you must build a good rapport and relationship with your students and let them know its 0k to be wrong. In my setting we had posters around the classroom made by the children with classroom rules and behaviours, one of them being: Its safe to make mistakes. Build up trust with particularly shy students and encourage them to come out of their shell and ive praise when they try. Students with English as second language: Sometimes a class may have a bilingual student where English is not their mother tongue. This student may need extra support to understand the meaning of words or what is expected of them. If they are particularly bad at English you could provide things such as flash cards and labels on items to help them learn. You could also encourage some more extrovert, friendly, wise students to befriend them to help with their language. Lack of learning motivation and low levels of attention: It may cause problems if ne or more of class have a short attention span and/or lack of motivation to learn. Help to prevent this by make lessons interesting relevant; increase student involvement interaction. Include multiple sources of learning multi-sensory, practicals, field trips, hands on, project work, activities. One or more highly disruptive student :Find out the real reason for such indiscipline and try to sort that out. eg. if the child is a genius, and so causes disruption because of bordom and is way ahead of the class, then provide him/her with work/activity on the side, suited to his/her level.

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT English Section

What's Actually Tested on the ACT English Section SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you planning to take the ACT soon? Curious about what the English section is like? It's more than just correcting grammar and recognizing proper punctuation. In this post we will break down exactly what the ACT English section tests. What Is the ACT English Section Like? The ACT English section is a 75-question, 45-minute test. That comes out to just 36 seconds per question! So you will have to work pretty quickly to complete each question before you run out of time. Also, be aware this is always the first section of the ACT, so you need to be ready to tackle it very early on a Saturday morning. Do some warm-up problems at home so you’re not starting this section cold. Each English test has five essays or passages, each of which is accompanied by a sequence of multiple-choice questions. Some of the questions ask about specific phrases or sentences in the passage, and some ask about a paragraph or the entire passage as a whole. We will explore what those questions specifically test below. What Does ACT English Cover? ACT English tests two broad content areas. The first is Usage and Mechanics (including punctuation, grammar, usage, and sentence structure). The second is Rhetorical Skills (including strategy, organization, and style). Usage and Mechanics requires fine-tuned punctuation and grammar knowledge. Rhetorical Skills focuses on your comprehending of the passage as a whole and your ability to maximize the passage's organization and style. You'll receive a subscore for each of those two categories, though keep in mind that your overall section score is more important. (For more about how the ACT is scored, see our post!) So rather than worry about the subscore you'll get for each section, just use those two categories to help guide your studying. Spelling and vocabulary aren’t tested on ACT English. And while grammar rules are tested, you will be working with passages, meaning you can use context to help you find the correct answers. You won't be expected to know tricky, obscure grammar rules in isolation. Now let's look at each subsection in depth, and show you some practice questions to give you an idea of what you will face on ACT English. Subsection 1: Usage/Mechanics Think of this as the nitty-gritty, detailed portion of the English test. You have to know punctuation rules, grammar rules, and how to construct a sentence properly to do well on this part. One trick for these questions is to pretend you're editing a paper for class. Choose the answers that make the passage as clear and precise as possible. Punctuation (10-15%) These questions test conventions of internal and end-of sentence punctuation. In other words, you have to understand correct comma, apostrophe, period, and semicolon use. Punctuation questions emphasize the relationship of punctuation to meaning. In other words, how can you use punctuation to make sure the writing is as clear as possible? Make sure to take the entire sentence into account, even if the question asks about the punctuation of just a short phrase. Check out the example below to see what we mean. Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple-Choice Test. Although the question is asking about the correct punctuation to use for the phrase "charcoal gray suits," you have to take the entire sentence into account to make sure you choose the correct answer choice. The phrase comes at the end of a list of various subway passengers, ending with "a group of stockbrokers in crisp, charcoal gray suits." Since commas are used to separate items in lists, you do not need to add a comma after the last item in a list. Thus, you can leave this phrase alone and select F., No Change. In other words, our process here was to take into account the sentence as a whole, and use that to guide our punctuation choice. Never focus on just the short phrase when doing ACT English questions. Always make sure your answer choice makes sense in the entire sentence. Grammar and Usage (15-20%) These questions test your understanding of grammar rules like agreement between subject and verb, agreement between pronoun and antecedent, and agreement between modifiers and the word modified. Verb formation, pronoun case, and formation of comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs are also tested. Finally, you have to be aware of idiomatic usage. While we won't explain each individual grammar rule in this post, you can refer to our complete ACT grammar guide to get a more in-depth look at what you'll see on this section. And check out the example below to see what an ACT grammar question can look like. Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple-Choice Test. The question is seeing if you can identify correct and incorrect forms of a verb tense. You have to decide which of the four answer choices would be incorrect. One simple way to do this is to plug each of the answer choices into the sentence and see if they fit correctly. By doing this, it's easy to pick out that choice H., "played," does not fit in the sentence, making it the right answer. This question is an example of an ACT English question that asks you which choice is NOTacceptable in the sentence. Make sure you are reading these questions carefully so you don't make the silly mistake of choosing an answer that is acceptable in the sentence! Sentence Structure (20-25%) These questions test your understanding of relationships between and among clauses, placement of modifiers, and shifts in construction. So while the previous two question types tested punctuation and grammar in short phrases, these questions your ability to understand the relationship between clauses in order to form correct sentences. Check out the example below to see what this looks like. Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple-Choice Test. Even though the question only looks like it's asking about a few words, it's actually testing your ability to link the clauses "About three and half million people a day ride the subways" and "I think maybe I might have possibly have met them all." As it stands, these clauses have been grouped next to each other with nothing to link them, so choice A (No Change) can't be correct. So now you have to decide the word that best links the two clauses. Testing the choices in the sentence, only choice B. "subways, and" makes sense. The conjunction "and" links the two clauses as a sequence. The other two choices, "which" and "actually," would imply comparison which doesn't make sense in context. In short, make sure to keep an eye on the sentence as a whole and find the answer that makes the relationship between clauses as clear and natural as possible. Subsection 2: Rhetorical Skills Think of this as the â€Å"big picture† part of the ACT English test. Rather than correcting individual sentences, you are now thinking about the passage and argument as a whole. You have to find the answer choices that make the ideas, organization, and style of the passage the clearest. We'll dive into the subcategories below. Strategy (15-20%) Strategy questions test how well you can develop a given topic by choosing words or phrases that match an essay's audience and purpose. You also have to judge the effect of adding, revising, or deleting supporting material. Ask yourself, does the extra material add to the argument, or just confuse it? You have to judge the relevance of possible additional statements in context, and choose whether to include them or not. For these questions, you have to take the entire passage into account and carefully consider whether the possible revision clarifies or confuses the passage's message. For example, check out the example below, which asks about the entire passage. Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple-Choice Test. You have to figure out two things: first, whether or not you should make the addition, and second, why you should or should not. We won't make you read the entire passage for this post, but when faced with a style question like this, consider the material the passage has already introduced. Would adding the sentence enhance the passage's point or confuse it? Only choose to add a statement if it directly ties to information already introduced in the passage. Organization (10-15%) The organization questions test how well you organize ideas and choose effective opening, transitional, and closing sentences. These questions tend to focus on the beginning and ends of paragraphs, so again, it's important to have a solid grasp of the passage's meaning as a whole to do well here. Here's an example of what an organization question might ask: Source: Preparing for the ACT, 2014-15. Given the content of the paragraph, you need to find the choice that most naturally leads into the first sentence. The paragraph starts with a description of biking that leads into a longer description of nature. Although this makes choice C, "Nature always impresses me," tempting, you need to make sure the first few sentences still make sense. In this case, "Bicyclists streak past" best introduces the description of bikers. This makes the answer A, "No Change." For organization questions, make sure to consider both the paragraph's overall point, but also think about how to make smooth, logical transitions. Style (15-20%) These questions test how well you select precise and appropriate words and images, maintain the level of style and tone in an essay, manage sentence elements for rhetorical effectiveness, and avoid ambiguous pronoun references, wordiness, and redundancy. Again, it's important to have a solid grasp of the passage's tone and meaning to get these questions right. Source: Preparing for the ACT, 2014-15. The question asks you to choose a phrase that communicates the narrator's "positive, friendly attitude." The phrase in the passage, "moves slowly," as well as choice C, "proceeds carefully," are pretty neutral, so you can eliminate them. Choice B, "travels safely," is positive but not particularly friendly. This leaves choice D, "purrs softly," as the correct answer. For style questions, make sure you focus on identifying the passage's tone and choose words or phrases that add to it. What’s Next? Not sure if you’re up to speed on grammar rules? We have a complete guide to all of the grammar you need to know for ACT English. Ready to try some practice questions? Check out our links to free, official ACT practice tests to try out a full English section for yourself. Want to ace this section? We have nine strategies to get a perfect 36 on ACT English. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

NIH and WebMD Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NIH and WebMD Websites - Essay Example The secondary audience for NIH could include NIH employees, the general public including young and old people who have the ability to read. Medical students and individuals seeking administrative work, fellowship programs, and executive careers among others may also find information on NIH website useful. Partaking in NIH’s clinical trials is also eligible to people of any age irrespective of their health status. Practicing medical experts and fitness specialists may also use WebMD when peer reviewing some of the medical and fitness information contained on the website. Additionally, health communication specialists and bloggers of health issues may also use the website as a reference when reporting on different medical conditions. This is because the website contains diverse range of health related information. Both NIH and WebMD use claims in striking rapport with their primary audience.  NIH, for instance, claims to be America’s leading supporter of medical researc h that transforms discovery into health. NIH’s mission is an example of logos that appeal to its primary user’s logical reasoning on the benefits on research on health. In addition, the website establishes a connection with the audience through social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter blog as well as through their email and RSS feeds. Additionally, information links and navigational bar on the homepage is conspicuously designed for users’ ease of specific information search within the website.

Personal achievement or talent essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal achievement or talent - Essay Example The most important effect of these values is good leadership, the core foundation of scouting, which has given me the knowledge and ability to lead my peers. Leadership is not just about telling people what to do, but about guiding teammates with positive attitudes, regardless of whether the situation is a sporting game or everyday life. I have already applied these leadership skills within my high school baseball teams and when working summer jobs. The importance of leadership and teamwork were impressed on my from the beginning of my scouting days. Through hard work and dedication to my troop, I became one of the youngest Patrol leaders at age thirteen. This position came with many responsibilities. I experienced having to provide meals for an entire patrol and their dads at the monthly campouts. The tricky part about cooking in the wilderness is you do not have the same equipment you may find in a kitchen. Additionally, no processed meals are allowed at the campouts; everything is made from scratch. The entire meal is a process, from finding firewood to preparing the uncooked food. In other words, cooking is a group endeavor. As patrol leader, I assigned younger and older scouts to do the various tasks, and ensured everyone worked together. I had to learn quickly how to lead, or my patrol would have failed and broken down. In 2009, I became an Assistant Scoutmaster, the last position a Scout must hold before he can transition from a Life Scout to an Eagle Scout. In this position, my leadership duties grew. Instead of just one small patrol, I was put in charge of approximately two hundred people at a summer camp. I had to oversee various activities, not just cooking, and make sure everybody got along. One of the other great things Scouts taught me is the necessity and beauty of diversity. In this large number of people, there were boys of many different races and with many different religions. Learning how

The law of international commerce is subject to increasing Essay

The law of international commerce is subject to increasing harmonization - Essay Example One can trace the establishment of trade fairs, from the Frankfurt Book Fair to the Antwerp Cloth Fair, to the 1200’s to 1400’s, at which time producers and buyers would meet on a regular basis to exchange goods for currency or promissory notes. This safe passage was ensured by the increasing influence of kings and rulers, who were able to tame warring factions and create a system of tolls, laws and enforcement which did not exist during the Dark Ages. Although it was expensive to take a trade route (the Rhine, for example, had over 40 toll stations), the benefit of security outweighed the cost for those who had high-value goods and ready markets in other areas. Trade posed some specific problems which required harmonisation relatively early on. A couple of examples will suffice to explain how these problems arose, and how they were solved. If a trader, for example, were to go to the Frankfurt Book Fair in the Spring of 1450, he might want to find books for his patrons and residents of his home area (say, Tuscany and the de Medici’s). The trader, fearing the dangers of robbery on the roads, or perhaps just lacking the resources, does not take gold with him on the long, arduous journey from Tuscany to Frankfurt. Rather, he brings along letters of introduction from his patrons. In some cases, if the trader was rich enough or well-known, he could trade ‘on his reputation.’ In either case, when he arrived at the Book Fair, he brought documents with him. If our Tuscan trader visits a stall of, say, a Stuttgart bookmaker and decides to buy a few of his books, the bookmaker would like to be paid. Since the trader didn’t have gold or silver with him, he offered to pay the bookmaker with a promissory note. This method of payment led to a series of questions: (1) how do I (the Stuttgart bookmaker) know that this person is who he says he is? And (2) what

Best Places to Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best Places to Work - Essay Example The success of Starbucks can be largely attributed to its high regard to its employees which it treats as partner. The specialty coffee retailer is now recognized as one of the best places to work for because of its organizational structure, the relationship between its employees, its unique values, and its employment of modern human resource management techniques. It should be noted that the business organization efficiently uses its human resource in order to enhance its image and maximize its profitability. In its business operation, it is irrefutable that the company has strategically aligned its workforce in order to achieve its specific goals and objectives. This includes designing an organizational structure which highlights the revolution in human resource management. The primary governing body at Starbucks is comprised of the Office of the Chairman and the Board of Directors which "receives substantial input from other senior level executives including senior vice president of human resources" (Tripp et al 2005). The mid-level managers, who oversee and manage the day to day affairs of each specialty retail shop is given enough discretion and power for decision making.

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example With the tightening of the environmental regulations, the environmental protection costs of the industry like pollution reduction, regulatory reporting, monitoring and waste management have increased over the years. In the conventional management accounting method the environmental costs are allocated as general overheads expenses such that the production managers are not aware of the environmental costs and do not have any impetus to reduce the same. Environmental management accounting involves the identification, analysis, collection and use of material information and other monetary as well as environmental cost related information, for the purpose of facilitating environmental and conventional decision-making in the organization. Unlike conventional management accounting which puts special emphasis on the identification of the environmental costs such as waste management cost, environmental management accounting assists in the decisions that have an impact on the environment. The reason for the growing prominence of environmental accounting is the fact that the environmental costs comprise of a substantial amount, more than the firm can estimate. It helps in the better management of the environmental costs, formulation of business strategies, determining accurate costs of goods and services, minimization of environmental costs etc. The implementation of the environmental accounting rules benefits the organizations in the form of lower costs through economic use of resources; improved design of goods and processes. The minimization of the environmental impact gives an advantage over the competitors; and selection of opportunities that help in reducing the operating costs (Global Development Research Center, n.d.). Therefore environmental management accounting serves the dual purpose of improving and managing the environmental as well as the financial performance of an organization. In contrast the conventional management accounting

Best Places to Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best Places to Work - Essay Example The success of Starbucks can be largely attributed to its high regard to its employees which it treats as partner. The specialty coffee retailer is now recognized as one of the best places to work for because of its organizational structure, the relationship between its employees, its unique values, and its employment of modern human resource management techniques. It should be noted that the business organization efficiently uses its human resource in order to enhance its image and maximize its profitability. In its business operation, it is irrefutable that the company has strategically aligned its workforce in order to achieve its specific goals and objectives. This includes designing an organizational structure which highlights the revolution in human resource management. The primary governing body at Starbucks is comprised of the Office of the Chairman and the Board of Directors which "receives substantial input from other senior level executives including senior vice president of human resources" (Tripp et al 2005). The mid-level managers, who oversee and manage the day to day affairs of each specialty retail shop is given enough discretion and power for decision making.

The Internet and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Internet and the Law - Essay Example If we look at the traditional model, those are more focused on the producer and distributor of the content. However, in the regulation the law has been amended in such a way that it holds the end user also accountable for any illegal content. The main aim of this article is to bring out the clear picture and the reason for which the regulation of the pornography has been made. This article is written in order to analyze the basis of the regulation of pornography. Though with the regulation the end users are also liable to possess illegal content or pornography, the legal regulation of the extreme pornography still lies with the producer and distributor of the content. In today's world of information technology and internet pornography has reached every nook and corner of the world. Every person is in the easy access of the pornography - whether it is online or offline. If we look at pornography from a different perspective, one question that comes to our mind is if it harmful or not. In some countries pornography is illegal. However, in some countries, possession of the same is not illegal but the distribution or publication is.2 In some countries possession is also illegal for certain types of pornography - like child pornography. In today's world there are various channels through which the pornographic contents are being circulated. The traditional delivery channels are print materials, DVDs, videos, CDs, TV. In the modern times internet, mobile phones, PDAs are also being included as the channel for the transmission. Censorship in the United Kingdom If we look at the censorship in the United Kingdom, there are many stringent laws that are applicable to varied arena. Since our core topic is related to the laws and regulations in the cyber or internet laws, let us straight away head towards the topic. The cyber law in the United Kingdom is very stringent. In the United Kingdom, the internet traffic is being passed through a service called Cleanfeed. The sole purpose of this procedure is to filter out the content that contains the indecent photographs of children of varied ages.3 Since there is a filter or check point being introduced, if there are any such pages that come up in the internet, the page is not delivered to the end user. Instead of that it shows an error stating "URL not found". There are many internet service providers who use WebMinder as well.4 There are few questions that we need to have clarify. Under the English Law, what is called as obscenity? This one question is very important to know. Along with that, to what extent can the obscene be distinguished from the pornographic? Look at the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, s62. How does this UK statutory provision compare with the relevant provision elsewhere internationally? Does extreme pornography regulation merit a different treatment in comparison to child pornography? What alternatives might there be for the regulation of undesirable online content? Could such altern atives provide a better solution to legal intervention? A Multi-Layered Approach Before we talk about the multi-layer approach of governance of pornography and child pornography, we need to know the processes by which pornography and child pornography can be regulated. The regulation of pornography is a controversial topic and the same is arisen in the recent years in relation with the Internet. In the recent days, the

Han and Greek Dbq Essay Example for Free

Han and Greek Dbq Essay The ancient societies of Greece and China each produced a civilization remarkable for its time. Although these civilizations emerged nearly one thousand years apart, their philosophies were completely different, had various forms of governance, and had unique economic classes. First, the thoughts of the numerous Greek philosophers were absolutely different from those of the Chinese philosophers. Chinese philosophers believed that the individual was not as important as the kingdom was as a whole, whereas Greek philosophers consider the individuals as a crucial part of society. As shown in Document 12, the human is miniscule to the landscape around him, showing that the human is only a tiny piece in the civilization. The Greek Discus Thrower portrayed in Document 11, is depicting the view that the individual is the main focus of the society in which one resides. These two documents display how Han China and Classical Greece are different in their philosophies. Classical Greece looks at an individual as a key component in their daily life. Han China however does not look at an individual like the Greeks, but instead as a small piece in the vast kingdom. Confucius believes that by being a good person you are taking part in the government because one does not have take part in the government to be part of society, one must simply do what is right (Document 10). Confucius believes this because he has his own ideals that are separate from the government and as long as people are doing the right thing they are a part of the government. There is no document that portrays the take of a Greek philosopher simply on where an individual stands in the Greek state. This would allow one to know exactly the thoughts of a Greek philosopher and not only a Chinese philosopher. Second, the form of governance displayed by the Chinese civilization varied from that of the Greek civilization. The Greek civilization had developed a new form of government; democracy that contrasted from the bureaucracy in Han China. As shown in Document 7, the Han dynasty stresses a strong central government with many appointed governors to each district its dynasty possesses. However, the Athenian government was based on the people, so they basically governed themselves (Document 5). Also displayed in Document 8, they way the government is set up, anyone who has his own business has business in the government. That way if that person does not have any affairs at all is not involved in the government. Although in Document 6, the way anyone is in government is chosen by the heavens. This directly relates to how these civilization’s forms of governance are completely different. Pericles believes that democracy is the best government system because he displays an array of ways in which the government is of the people, such as â€Å"in settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before law† (Document 4). The Ancient Greece map in Document 1 displays an inaccurate proportion of size to the Han empire map that makes it seem that the Athenians controlled as much territory as the Han, where in reality they only controlled about a twelfth of the land that the Han did. There is no document that portrays a Chinese philosopher that may have his life in danger for the ideas he has. This would allow the reader to know what a Chinese philosopher would think about his place in society if he was questioned in what he believes in (Document 9). Third, the Han and Greek civilizations displayed numerous and unique economic classes that were different from each other. The Chinese economic classes consisted of six divisions whereas the Athenian economic classes consisted of four divisions. As shown in Document 2, there were as many free male citizens as free male non-citizens and about as many free females as slaves. The population distribution of Han China portrayed in Document 3 shows that there were only a few appointed officials along with the emperor, around thirteen times more educated bureaucrats, ten times as many aristocracies as bureaucrats, around 58,500,000 farmers, only 50,000 merchants, and 5,000,000 mean people. This shows how opposite the social classes of Classical Greece and Han Chin are. Aristotle believes that the class and job that a person has must keep that and try to learn that of another because there will be no more distinction between the master and the slave. Aristotle believes this because he is a high class citizen and he does not want to change his class. There is no document that accurately portrays the feelings of a slave on class distinctions. This would allow one to know the desires that a slave would have and why it would be better if he were able to move up in society. In conclusion, the ancient civilizations of Han China and Greece each created a society influential to the time period it flourished in. Although these civilizations emerged nearly one thousand years apart, they had unique economic classes, had various forms of governance, and their philosophies were completely different.

Analysis Of The Financial Statements Of Coca Cola Finance Essay

Analysis Of The Financial Statements Of Coca Cola Finance Essay The firm and the outside providers of the capital that is the investors and the creditors will all take the financial statements into considerations .The Investor in the companys will be interested in the present and future expected earning of the company . As a result the investoes will be interested in the profitability of the company usually this will be their focus of their analysis. They are also concerned with the firm ability of the firm to pay dividends Internal management will also employ financial analysis for the following reasons: Better purpose of internal control Management need to undertake financial analysis in order to plan and control effectively The financial manager is particularly concerned with the return on investment provided by various assets of the company. Financial statements Financial analysis is the art of transforming data from financial statement into information that is useful for decision making. Balance sheet: A summary of a firm financial position on a given data that shows total assets =total liabilities + owners equity INCOME STATEMENT:- A summary of a firms revenues and expenses over a specified period ending net income or loss for a period. Cash flow statements:- Is a financial Statements that shows how changes in the balance sheet accounts and income affects cash and cash equivalents and break the analysis down to operating investing and finance activities. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Balance sheet Cash Flow Statement INCOME STATEMENT COCA COLA BACKGROUND INFORMATION The coca cola company is the worlds largest produces of non alcoholic beverages concentrates and syrups.This company is based in atalnta, gerogia which makes concentrated form of beverages and sells them to the retailers. The company has its operation in more that 200 countries and sells nearly up to 100 different brands .Coca cola is now one of the worlds largest co-operation with a global workforcw of 90000. Over the years the brand equity of Coca cola trade mark,the produces brands ,has established the company a prominent figure in the non alcoholic industry and allowed comapnay to maintain high revenue and profits . The Coca-Cola Companys major offerings include such as coca -cola, sprite ,Fanta ,coke zero etc. EVALUATION Liquidity (Appendix A) Current Ratio: The current ration from the years 2007 to 2009(Appendix A) has been increasing but when compared to the standard ration 2:1 these ratios are much lower which shows short term liquidity effencicy and inefficient use of resources.Some corrective measures should be taken by the management to maintain the resources. Acid test ratio:This show the ability of the firm to pay its current obligation more quickly without considering the inventory and per-paid expenses . From the ratios (Appendix A) the firm has no trouble in meeting its current obligation ;there is an incline in the ratio and the company has the ability to meet the current obligation. working capital: The working capital of the company (Appendix A) when seen from 2007 to 2008 the net working capital was negative and the situation was alarming.The ablity of the firm to meet its current expenses for day to day operation shows a constraint. But in 009 the working capital shows a positive impact. Receivables Turnover:In Coca cola the number of times receivables are converted into cash has showed continuous varation from 2007 to 2009. In 2007 the accounts receivables turnover showed incline but again in 2008 due to the financial crisis it has showed a decline. So improvement has been made in 2009 in collection of accounts receivables. So overall situation is quite satisfactory. AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD: In coca cola the number of days requires to collect receivables have increased over the time; it shows the ineffective management of the credit department. So this ratio shows the negetive trend as efficiency has not improved Days sales in inventory: In coca cola the number of days requires to collect receivables have increased over the time; it shows the ineffective management of the credit department. So this ratio shows the negetive trend as efficiency has not improved. Inventory turnover: In coca cola cash were increased in 2007 and 2009. This was indication of negative trend. However improvement has been made in 2008. Leverage (Appendix A) Leverage ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. The level of leverage depends on a lot of factors such as availability of collateral, strength of operating cash flow and tax treatments. Thus, investors should be careful about comparing financial leverage between companies from different industries. In Coco cola The amount of funds provided by creditors in relation to total assets has been the same from 2007 to 2009. Debt- to total -asset ratio it is obvious that amount of funds provided by creditors to purchase total assets are continuously remaining the same. As in last 3 years the more than 25% of the total assts are being financed by creditors, so the current situation is quite alarming. Operating cash flow that show a great percentage increase which the suppliers and the investors should see . Profitability(Appendix A) It is this ratio analysis which would give an insight into the prfotability of the firm , as it would help the investors analysi the combined effect of the liquidity of the firm , its dividend yield Earning pershare , revenue growth and the are all important for the survival of the firm. This would tell how the company has been utilizing its resources in generating profits and shareholders value. GROSS PROFIT MARGIN: In coca cola the gross profit margin of the organization has showed a continuous increased from 2007 to 2009. But the above time serious analysis clearly implicit, that the ability of the organization to generate profit is improving. The management has taken reasonable as well as tremendous efforts to improve profitability. Net Profit Margin: In coca cola although there was slight decline in 2007 from 2008 due to the financial crisis net profit margin , but in 2009 serious analysis clearly implicit, that the ability of the organization to generate profit is improving. This showed that the management is managing it selling and admin expenses efficiently and effectively with increasing sales profit to add more to net profits. Profit generation capability is showing positive trend over the years. Operating Income margin: In coca cola operating profit was increased in 2009 from 2008 . It was decreased in 2008 as compared to previous year. However in 2009 a considerable increased has occurred. Operating profit has increased considerably. So the overall situation is quite satisfactory. Return on Equity: The Return on Equity was maximum in 2008 but decreased in 2009 and went down more in 2007 . This again may have happened due to the issue of more long-term debt recession. Return on investment: The overall trend is positive over the timeperiod. The return on investment has increased considerably from 2007 to 2009, which indicates that funds are being utilized effectively to generate revenue. INVESTOR ANALYSIS(Appendix A) DEGREE OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE: The degree of financial leverage is fluctuating over the time period. It was improved in year 2009 and 2007 but, in 2008 once again it indicate a negative trend. The loan is not being utilized efficiently to made more earnings available toshareholders. So the above trend needs corrective action. Earning Per Share: Earning per share has been increased continuously. It is obvious, that earning capacity of the organization is improving continuously with the time. Earning made on each share of the stockholders equity is increasing. This showed that the shareholders fund is being used efficiently and effectively to maximize the shareholders wealth. Price / Earning Ratio: Price/earning ratio has been decreasing continuously over the three years. It has decreased considerably in 2008. It reflects a very bad indication on the price of the share. It is quite alarming for the marker price of the stock. Corrective action should be taken immediately. Dividend Yield: Dividend yield which shows dividend per share in relation to market price per share. It was decreasing from 2008 to 2009. Dividend yield showed improvement in 2008 as compared to previous 3 years. So the above analysis shows that some improvement has been made. Book Value per Share: It relates the stockholders equity to the number of shares outstanding, giving the shares a raw value. Comparing the market value to the book value can indicate whether or not the stock in overvalued or undervalued. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: (Appendix A) The fizz is back in Coca-Colas stock. As we can see in the envaluation the company is generating a huge amount of cash flow of 44.70 billion and about $2.93 per share.It has made a net prfit margin of 20.55% in 2009 and a return on equity of about 26.92% . Any one would tell that this is a fabulous company. The company last year saw profit and sales rise following a strong performance in the developing markets. Coca-Cola remains financially awesome and its drinks will be sold even if the economy cools off. The company has moved into the an emerging consumer market such as China , as now China is taking is firt sip of Coca cola.If the history is any guide, the people of that country will get hookied to Coca cola nad will become their loyal customers. Coca cola has a strong Earning per share and this would continue growing for the next 2 to 5 years. The stock would hit $62 within this year. Coca-Cola shares were trading at a price-earnings ratio of 19.45 Coca-Colas stock has gained about 20% more than the Standard Poors 500 Index ($INX) over the past five years Earnings growth in the past year has moved up moderately compared to earnings growth in the past years. Positive. Coca-Colas stock actually looks like a good investment now that it is starting to benefit from a renewed focus on aggressively retooling its product mix. The coca cola stock where fluctuating from $45-69, the price of Coca cola stock now is $53.61which is actually down. The company is now willing to take risks on new brands to capture the strength of hip soft-drink trends such as energy drinks and flavored waters. From now on I can see that Coca-Cola is gaining market share through out the globe. Its safe for investors to assume that the growth in the most recent years is not a fake, but the beginning of a trend the shares will grow steadily higher. As of now I guess that the company has a drop in business in Europe and latin America Developing markets such as China, Africa and India posted double-digit growth in unit volume led in part by carbonated beverages such as Coke and Sprite. The analysi of coca cola would not be complete without taking intpo the consideration the brand recogination because it is one of the billion companies in the world that people recognize. Its hard to tell the worth of coke brand but you can be sure that its an essential ingredient contributing to the companys ongoing success SELECTED COMPITETOR PepsiCo Pepsico is the compitetos for coca cola in the non alcoholic beverge industry. It has 31% of the total maket shar as when comapered to coke which has 42.8%. U.S. non-alcoholic beverage market share, by volume PEP has many brands some very well known Mountain Dew Aquafina Tropicana and Lipton Both the companies are working hard to grab a larger share in the market and for the title of the best soda producer in the world ,both the companies have a similar taste in the investment portfolio.both the companies share equal powerful brand names and global franchises , but when it comes to profit, revenue EPS dididend yield and othe terms realeted to investment in their stock both different in different ways. But during the period of recession both the companies had problems making the stock prices and the revenue incomes , the management of pepsico was far better as we get to see in the critical analysi of the assignment , Pepsico has a larger revenue , due to diversifation of its product lines. Liquidity In the receivables area ,PepsiCo is ahead of coca cola. Coca-cola is better off with the days sales in receivables, but substantially behind either per year and account receivable turnover, days. In the inventory area, Coco cola appears to be ahead of PepsiCo. They do have some what different Inventory methods, which could account for the difference. Coca-Cola has a slightly higher operating cycle ,Which favors PepsiCo Working capital cannot be compared .PepsiCo is materially better that Coca cola PepsiCo current ratio is materially higher than Coca colas. This is necessarily bood because the Coca-cola current ratio is very good and PepsiCo possibly has to many inventory. Coca cola and PepsiCo acid test ratio are both quite the same, which is good. Coca-Cola cash on hand is much better than PepsiCo. Leverages: PepsiCo did better in debt ratio ,debt/equity ratio, and tangible net worth ,Cocacola has good ration in these areas. Coca cola has a materially better operating cash flow/total debt .PepsiCo debt indicator appears to be materially better than Coca cola. The Coca-Cola indicators are good. Profitability Coca-Cola has a number of profitability indicators that are materially better than PepsiCo. Included here are net profit margin, return on investment, return on equity. PepsiCo has a number of profitability indicators that are better than coca cola.In general, PepsiCo s profitability appears to be materially better than coca cola. Investors Analysis Neither company has a high degree of financial leverage ,but Coca-Cola is lower. price/earning ratio is slightly higher for coca cola . Take a note liquidity is better for PepsiCo ,long tern debt paying ability was materially better for PepsiCo and the profitability was materially better for PepsiCo . The Investors Analysis appears to be better for PepsiCo that that of Coca-Cola .Considering the liquidity , long-term debt paying ability and the profitability we would expect PepsiCo price/earning ratio to be higher than Coca-Cola . Getting technical (Appendix B) The stock to see them how they have been performed I took a look at the chart of 4 years price of the stock , in the chart for the coca cola share we see that Coke has done remarkably very well in 2007 but in December 2008 we see that the stock proce has come dwn . even because of this , the stock boasts a total return, including dividends, of about 23% for the past year. But PepsiCo has held its ground better In terms of fundamentals, Pepsi seems to have the slight advantage. While Coca-Cola does have the higher figures, Pepsi has the better margins in terms of operating margins, revenue, and profit which is more important for growing companies. During the 2009 pepsi had a better EPS in their statements. The past year Coca-Cola has only remain in a five dollar range, showing little fluctuation patterns for speculators or investors. While this seems to be bad in coca cola ,the value seems to have increased to its maximum, but we can also see a drop in the prices of shre of Coca cola when compared to 2007 and 2009.While pepsico has seen continued growth throughout its tenure in a nice steady growth pattern. The company is in its prime of its careerand this should be able to carry the stock to high numbers for at least a decade.By investing now in pepsi, the investos have an opportunity to see pepsi rise to near 80-100 points by 2010.and possibility of more by 2015. Such as a process is also favorable with its dividend payoff which allows for reinvestments to increase gains. Likewise, I give PepsiCo an edge on the product side. Both companies have done very well navigating a beverage market that is always evolving. PepsiCo owns the Gatorade brand, which is popular with the athletic set; Coca-Cola purchased the trendy Vitamin Water line in 2007. Depending on the market situation in tha klast two years coke stock trades at 10.8 times the analyst earning while pepsico 11.3 times , which indicates that pepsico is doing better. My expectation is that coke profits would grow to 9 percent over the next five years ,but pepsico would grow at 11 percent ,which is behind the forcast. To me, thats an edge for PepsiCo, because the company has more room for overseas growth. This sort of competition keeps both companies innovative, aggressive and eager to please consumers and shareholders. Pepsi has the edge over Coke in price performance, with a total return, including dividends, Looking at longer-term patterns, PepsiCo has a decided edge. Over 10 years, PepsiCo has an even bigger advantage. EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS 2008 financial crisis: Coca-Cola Coca cola is selling its products all over the world and it would be a safe investment for the people if they are buying the shares people as I realize that due to the economice crisis investors think twice before they actually buy the stock , the prices of the shaers are increasing and this indicates that the growth will be more as the days pass by. 2009 results. Despite the economic downturn, the company increased its sales by 2 percent in the United States and by 3 percent worldwide. In India, Coca-Colas business grew by 31 percent between January and March 2009. In 2008, sales revenue increased by 7 percent in Brazil In the 2008 due to this crisi profit fell 3 percent to $5.81 billion, or $2.49 per share, from $5.98 billion, or $2.57 per share, in 2007. Commodity Cost Fluctuations Affect Margins:. The varaiation in the prices of the raw materials would directly and indirectly affect the production coas which in turn would affect the profitability of Coca cola. Here Coca cola itself would be directly purchasing the raw materials which are used to make the concertes nad syrups.varation in the prices of these would affect the cost of production of as wellas the profit margins Here also the change in the production cost os the bottlers can also impact the coca cola profitability in and indirect way though. If the raw material becomes more that is necessary for bottling then ,the bottlers would be forced to increase the prices to compensate. Such a nature would hurt the profitabitity of the company , in such an competitive nature of the non alcoholic beverage company.and would be possible incentive for the consumers to switch over to other companies beverages. The prices of these commodities rose in 2007 and dramatically pressured margins. significant rise in Commodities represents a constant threat to profits. Dollar Affects International Performance : The another factor for the decrease in the profit and revenue was the affect in the dollar performance. Although the company was based in north America more that 76% of its revenues was derived from outside north America.Because of this the company is very sensitive to the strength in Dollar price.As the prices of the other currencies weaken relative to dollar , goods that are sold outside the US are worth back in the US, lowering earmning. Thus, if the dollar strengthens (as it did in the second half of 2008 and 2009), it has a negative effect on Coca cola earnings. Coca-Cola expect currency fluctuations to adversely operating income by 10-12% . The Global Economic Recession Threatens Overall Demand http://cdn.wikinvest.com/i/px.gif: In the 2008 -2009 the global economic recession , the credit crunch had a major impact on the sales and revenues of the COCA COLA company as because the consumers where not able to afford the price of coca cola during that period , the company had also increased the prices of their product because of the increase in the price of their commodity. Conclusion and recommendations

Porter Analysis of the Zara Fashion Chain Essay -- Business Analysis R

Porter Analysis of the Zara Fashion Chain The Zara fashion chain, with 546 stores in 30 countries today ?from which 340 are outside Spain- and ?2914,3 millions of total sales in 2002, is undoubtedly the group?s locomotive (Inditex, 2003). In 2002 it represented 33% of the group?s total stores, accounted for 72% of the group?s total sales and contributed to the holding?s total profits for ?540.4 millions (Inditex FY2002 Results Presentation, 2003). Moreover, Zara with 75-90 new stores within 2003 takes the lion?s share in group?s current year store openings (total openings for 2003: 260-315). The purpose of the Porter analysis is to analyse the competitiveness of the market. Threat of entry Threat of entry to the apparel industry is medium. Economies of scale play the moderate role (as stated in the case study), capital requirements for entry vary, distribution channels are available, threat of retaliation is medium and government legislations play only a moderate role. On the other hand market experience and differentiation play the vital role. Threat of substitutes Threat of product-for-product substitution on this market is very high. It comes from other apparel retailers, designer clothes and tailor houses. Substitution by need is unlikely. Generic substitution can take place as well as ?doing without?. Power of buyers Power of buyers on the market is moderate because there are many small buyers, retailers differentiate and are of big size, alternative sou...

Zigbee

The message therefore contains two destination addresses: * Address of the final destination * Address of the node which is the next â€Å"hop† The way these addresses are used in message propagation depends on the network topology, as follows:Star Topology All messages are routed via the Co-ordination. Both addresses are needed and the â€Å"next hop† address is that of the Co-ordination. Tree Topology A message is routed up the tree until it reaches a node that can route it back down the tree to the destination node.Both addresses are needed and the initial â€Å"next hop† address is hat of the parent of the sending node. The parent node then resends the message to the next relevant node – if this is the target node itself, the â€Å"final destination† address is used. The last step is then repeated and message propagation continues in this way until the target node is reached. Mesh Topology In this case, the propagation path depends on whether th e target node is in range: * If the target node is in range, only the â€Å"final destination† address is used. If the target node is not in range, the initial â€Å"next hop† address is that of the first node in the route to the IANAL destination. The message propagation continues in this way until the target node is reached. I I Application programs in intermediate nodes are not aware of the relayed message or its contents – the relaying mechanism is handled by the Gibe stack. I I The message propagation methods for the different topologies are illustrated by the animations below. Star Topology Tree Topologies Topology I Click â€Å"Next Page† to continue.I Previous Page | 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 I Negotiate o connecting 1 Route Discovery The Gibe stack network layer supports a â€Å"route discovery' facility in which a mesh outwork can be requested to find the best available route to the destination, when sending a message. Route discovery is initiated wh en requested by a data transmission request. Route Discovery Options There are three options related to route discovery for a mesh network (the required option being indicated in the message): SUPPRESS route discovery: The message is routed along the tree.ENABLE route discovery: The message is routed along an already discovered mesh route, if one exists, otherwise the Router initiates a route discovery. Once this is complete, the message will be sent along the calculated route. If the Router does not have the capacity to store the new route, it will direct the message along the tree. FORCE route discovery: If the Router has the route capacity, it will initiate a route discovery, even if a known route already exists. Once this is complete, the message will be sent along the calculated route.If the Router does not have the route capacity, it will route the message along the tree. Use of this option should be restricted, as it generates a lot of network traffic. Route Discovery Mechani sm The mechanism for route discovery between two End Devices involves the following . A route discovery broadcast is sent by the parent Router of the source End steps: Device. This broadcast contains the network address of the destination End Device. 2. All Routers eventually receive the broadcast, one of which is the parent of the destination End Device. 3.The parent Router of the destination node sends back a reply addressed to the parent Router of the source. 4. As the reply travels back through the network, the hop count and a signal quality measure for each hop are recorded. Each Router in the path can build a routing table entry containing the best tat to the destination End Device. 5. Eventually, each Router in the path will have a routing table entry and the route from source to destination End Device is established. Note that the corresponding route from destination to source is not known – the route discovered is unidirectional.I The choice of best path is usually t he one with the least number of hops, although if a hop on the most direct route has a poor signal quality (and hence a greater chance that retries will be needed), a route with more hops may be chosen. Device and Service Discovery The Gibe specification provides the facility for devices to find out information about other nodes in a network, such as their addresses, which types of applications are running on them, their power source and sleep behavior.This information is stored in descriptors on each node, and is used by the enquiring node to tailor its behavior to the requirements of the network. Discovery is typically used when a node is being introduced into a user-configured network, such as a domestic security or lighting control system. Once the device has Joined the network, its integration into the outwork may require the user to start the integration process by pressing a button or similar. The first task is to find out if there are any other devices that it can talk to.Fo r example, a device implementing the switch conforming to the HOC profile tries to find devices containing HOC load controllers to which it could potentially send its switch state information (the process of associating the switch with a particular load controller is handled by the binding process, presented earlier in this course). There are two types of discovery, Device and Service Discovery: Device Discovery Device Discovery involves interrogating a remote node for address information.The retrieved information can be either: * the MAC (IEEE) address of the node with a given network address * the network address of the node with a given MAC address. If the node being interrogated is a Router or Co-ordination, it may optionally supply the addresses of all the devices that are associated with it, as well as its own address. In this way, it is possible to discover all the devices in a network by requesting this information from the Co-ordination and then using the list of addresses corresponding to the children of the Co-ordination to launch queries about their child nodes.

Learning Assessment Essay

In classrooms where assessment for learning is practiced, students know at the outset of a unit of study what they are expected to learn. At the beginning of the unit, the teacher will work with the student to understand what she or he already knows about the topic as well as to identify any gaps or misconceptions (initial/diagnostic assessment). As the unit progresses, the teacher and student work together to assess the student’s knowledge, what she or he needs to learn to improve and extend this knowledge, and how the student can best get to that point (formative assessment). Assessment for learning occurs at all stages of the learning process. In past decades, teachers would design a unit of study that would typically include objectives, teaching strategies, and resources. An evaluation component—the test or examination—may or may not have been included as part of this design (Cooper, 2006). The student’s mark on this test or exam was taken as the indicator of his or her understanding of the topic. Assessment for learning †¢comprises two phases—initial or diagnostic assessment and formative assessment †¢assessment can be based on a variety of information sources (e.g. , portfolios, works in progress, teacher observation, conversation) †¢verbal or written feedback to the student is primarily descriptive and emphasizes strengths, identifies challenges, and points to next steps †¢as teachers check on understanding they adjust their instruction to keep students on track †¢no grades or scores are given – record-keeping is primarily anecdotal and descriptive †¢occurs throughout the learning process, from the outset of the course of study to the time of summative assessment Assessment as learning †¢begins as students become aware of the goals of instruction and the criteria for performance †¢involves goal-setting, monitoring progress, and reflecting on results †¢implies student ownership and responsibility for moving his or her thinking forward (metacognition) †¢occurs throughout the learning process Assessment of learning †¢assessment that is accompanied by a number or letter grade (summative) †¢compares one student’s achievement with standards †¢results can be communicated to the student and parents. †¢occurs at the end of the learning unit Evaluation †¢judgment made on the basis of a student’s performance Diagnostic assessment (now referred to more often as â€Å"pre-assessment†) †¢assessment made to determine what a student does and does not know about a topic assessment made to determine a student’s learning style or preferences used to determine how well a student can perform a certain set of skills related to a particular subject or group of subjects †¢occurs at the beginning of a unit of study. †¢used to inform instruction:makes up the initial phase of assessment for learning Formative assessment †¢assessment made to determine a student’s knowledge and skills, including learning gaps as they progress through a unit of study †¢used to inform instruction and guide learning †¢occurs during the course of a unit of study †¢makes up the subsequent phase of assessment for learning Summative assessment †¢assessment that is made at the end of a unit of study to determine the level of understanding the student has achieved †¢includes a mark or grade against an expected standard.

Jack the Ripper – Describe law and order in London in the late nineteenth century

In the late nineteenth century the methods of policing were still in their infancy. There was not the technology and experience of crime we have today. Because of the under developed methods there was a lot of petty theft, murder and robbery was common. Riots broke quite often; they usually ended up with injuries and distrust towards the police and army. Law and order up keeping was not organised well enough so it had little effect on the crime. There were too few police to arrest enough criminals. Prostitution was the most common was that poor woman made a living for them and their families in bad times. In the area of Whitechapel there were roughly 8000 prostitutes working in 1888. The east end was on of the poorest communities and London the richest square mile right next to poverty. The Metropolitan police force was set up to keep order and deter crime in London as well as tackle major disturbances, e.g. riots. They were set up to take over the function of the watchmen and constables. When the police force had to deal with large riots or protest there was frequent deaths as the army backed up the police. When dealing wit riots or protest the police often launched a baton charge on the crowd, however public complained that the police didn't follow orders and used violence all too often. The police were armed with only a truncheon. Later the inspectors began to carry revolvers at times. The police force dealt with street crimes, as that happened the number of burglaries went up. A detective department was set. This lead to corruption and 3 out of 4 policemen were found guilty of corruption. Two years later big improvements were made. As the number of detectives went up and the number of arrests the amount of corruption went down. The methods were basic, value of footprints and following suspicious characters. Detective work progressed slowly; however many arrests were made and crimes solved with detective work. They used such methods as measuring parts of the human body believing that no two humans would have the same measurements, matching materials discovered and fingerprinting. These methods of detective work weren't very effective. They were too underdeveloped to help the police force investigate crimes well. The significance of evidence was not known. Crime still thrived in the streets in London. The amount of police in London at the time was 13,319 but at any one time only 1,383 were available, while the population was 5,255,069. Not enough police meant that too many crimes were being committed still. Slowly however improvements were being made. Question 2 Why did the Whitechapel murders attract so much attention in 1888? The Whitechapel murders attracted a lot of attention because they were the first serial, sexual murders. The short time between the 5 murders was only 2 months and a week, 70 days. The types of murders, press reports, mystery and injuries also attracted attention to the murders. The Rippers' victims were all working prostitutes. Prostitutes were just people he picked at random; he didn't plan to kill that specific person. Prostitutes were seen as the lowest of people by the upper and middle classes. The murders thrilled the upper classes and gave them something to talk about. The injuries he caused to the bodies were a big reason why the murders attracted so much attention. All the victims died instantly from a deep slit across their neck from left to right. The injuries were mainly abdominal; they became increasingly more horrific as the murders went on. The murders were extremely bloody, disturbing and moving. Organs such as the uterus, intestines and kidneys were removed. In the last, most horrific murder the heart was missing, it was never found. Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes were both murdered on the same night. Their bodies were found less than a quarter of a mile away from each other; and murdered in less than an hour. The body of Elizabeth Stride was not mutilated, so the Ripper obviously hadn't had enough time to finish. However the body of the other woman was badly mutilated. She had all the stabs and mutilations as the other victims; but she also had multiple cuts on her face; right earlobe was sliced off and V's cut on her cheeks. The press also over exaggerated about the injuries to the bodies. The press had said that the injuries were more horrific than they really were; and in each report small details were added to keep the public interested. The name ‘Jack the Ripper' was a catchy name that would draw attention to the article; it turned him into a celebrity. The murders become a sensation after the name was put forward. Press reports contained information like suspects, injuries and stories from witnesses. The press turned it into stories that lead the public to buy more newspapers or magazines; it was a series that people just had to find out the ending to. The murders attracted attention to the area of Whitechapel, the bad conditions and lives. It was a very widely publicized and talked about event. It drew curiosity and interest to the homes of people everywhere. What happened in those few weeks was very new to crime. Question 3 Why were the police unable to catch Jack the Ripper? There were many factors about why the police were unable to catch the Ripper. He was the first sexual serial killer. He only focused on murdering prostitutes. He was an opportunist murder. It was common and normal to see men and women go into dark corners and it didn't look suspicious. This made it hard for the police because he didn't follow a pattern or he didn't have any connections between the people he murdered; it was completely at random. The police didn't know how to deal with this situation, as it was the first of its kind. The police couldn't establish anything in particular. The bodies were moved around a lot before they were taken to the mortuary so evidence was destroyed. There were two main police forces at work at the time of the murders. They were competing against each other for the capture of the Ripper. The Metropolitan police and City Police were heavily guarding information from each other in competition to catch the Ripper and get more publicity. If the two police forces had joined information it would have helped them to capture him before anymore murders took place. Because of this they limited the chances of catching the serial murderer. During the few weeks of the murders there were too many other murders. There were approximately 82 other murders at the same time. It was hard to distinguish who was the murderer for each of the murders. The press interfered with the investigation; by publishing information about the investigation that the police had gathered. This could give ‘tips' to the murder to stay ahead of the investigation and make advances. The murderer could have been anyone. He could been any normal person who lived in the middle class areas in London who only came on the weekends after his work for a little fun. Or he could have been a street dweller. It could have been an immigrant. This hindered the investigation because it wasn't certain exactly who it could be clues lead to it potentially being either. There were many homeless street dwellers in Whitechapel so it was common for people to be out on the streets late in the night. It could have been anyone who was sleeping on the streets at the time. Or could have come from London for the weekend. Also different detectives had different points of views of the killer. Most said that he was a professional medic on human anatomy but one or two argued that he hadn't even the skill of a butcher. Despite that today we have methods such as physiological profiling, which makes it slightly easier to catch serial killers however it's still hard. In 1888 there was no such thing; so they could not focus on specific suspects easily and was ever harder for them. There was also a lot of racial argument at the time; figures were being pointed at the foreigners mostly. The skills that investigation used was very basic like the significance of footprints and fingerprints. They believed in old wives tales such as the last image a person sees is preserved on their retina. The police might not have ever caught the Ripper. Many arrests were made and theories were thought of. The press interfered greatly with the investigation. They drove it for the police basically. Also the low experience of the police in serial killers hindered the chances of capturing him. Catching serial killers is still very difficult despite all out technology, so with none of what we take for granted today; it probably slowed down his capture even more.