Trial balance free essay sample

A Trial Balance is a rundown of all the General record accounts (both income and capital) contained in the record of a business. This rundown will contain the name of the ostensible record account and the estimation of that ostensible record account. The estimation of the ostensible record will hold either a charge balance esteem or a credit balance esteem. The charge balance esteems will be recorded in the charge segment of the preliminary parity and the credit esteem equalization will be recorded in the credit segment. The benefit and misfortune explanation and monetary record and other budgetary reports would then be able to be delivered utilizing the record accounts recorded on the preliminary parity. Coming up next are the significant targets of preliminary equalization: 1. To Check The Arithmetical Accuracy Trial balance depends as soon as possible section guideline of charge rises to credit or credit rises to charge. Thus, the charge and credit sections of preliminary parity should consistently be equivalent. We will compose a custom exposition test on Preliminary equalization or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page On the off chance that they do, it is accepted that the chronicles of budgetary exchanges are exact. On the other hand, on the off chance that they don't, it is accepted that they are not mathematically exact. In this manner, one significant motivation behind getting ready preliminary equalization is to give a mind the arithmetical precision of the accounts of the money related exchanges. 2. To Help Locate Accounting Errors Since the preliminary equalization demonstrates if there is any mistake submitted in the diary and the record, it encourages the bookkeeper to find the blunder in light of the fact that the beginning stage of finding blunders is preliminary parity itself. 3. To Summarize the Financial Transactions A business plays out a few quantities of monetary exchanges during a specific timeframe. The exchanges themselves can't depict any image of the money related issues of the business. For that reason, a synopsis of the exchanges must be drawn. The preliminary offset is set up so as to sum up all the money related exchanges of the business. 4. To Provide the Basis for Preparing Final Accounts Final records are set up to show benefit and misfortune and the money related situation of the business toward the finish of a bookkeeping period. These records are set up by utilizing the charge and credit of all record accounts. Hence, since the preliminary parity is an announcement of the charge and credit adjusts of the record accounts, it gives the premise to the readiness of the last records. Qualities of Trial Balance. It is a rundown of equalizations of all Ledger records and Cash Book It isn't a piece of the twofold passage arrangement of accounting. It is just a working paper. It very well may be set up on any date. It checks the arithmetical exactness of posting of sections from the Journal to the Ledger. It's anything but a definitive confirmation of the precision of the books of record since certain mistakes are not revealed by Trial Balance. Contradictions of Trial Balance: The charge aggregate of preliminary equalization ought to be equivalent to credit absolute. Once in a while, they are not equivalent and it is accepted that there are a few blunders in books of record. A portion of the reasons of blunders might be as per the following. Preliminary parity will differ if an exchange is posted in one side of a record and precluded to post it in the another side of another record. On the off chance that off-base sum is posted in record accounts, the preliminary parity won't concur. At the point when a sum is posted wring side say in charge side rather than credit side, the preliminary parity won't concur. At some point, an exchange might be posted twice in the record accounts. Subsequently, the aggregate of a preliminary parity won't be equivalent. Difference of a preliminary parity might be brought about by an inappropriate totaling or adjusting of record accounts. While totaling the figure of auxiliary books there may emerge a few blunders that will cause difference of preliminary equalization. Â Omission to post a record balance additionally causes the contradiction of a preliminary equalization. On the off chance that there isn't right in totaling of preliminary parity, a preliminary equalization will oppose this idea. Another reason for difference of a preliminary equalization might be the blunder made in conveying forward the aggregate starting with one page then onto the next. A blunder of unique passage is when the two sides of an exchange incorporate an inappropriate sum. For instance, if a buy receipt for Rs. 21 is entered as Rs. this will bring about a wrong charge section (to buys), and an inaccurate credit passage (to the important lender account), both for Rs. 9less, so the aggregate of the two segments will be Rs. 9 less, and will along these lines balance. A blunder of exclusion is the point at which an exchange is totally discarded from the bookkeeping records. As the charges and credits for the exchange would adjust, precluding it would in any case leave the sums adjusted. A variety of this blunder is overlooking one of the record account aggregates from the preliminary parity. A blunder of inversion is when passages are made to the right sum, yet with charges rather than credits, and the other way around. For instance, if a money deal for Rs. 100 is charged to the Sales record, and credited to the Cash account. Such a mistake won't influence the aggregates. A blunder of commission is the point at which the passages are made at the right sum, and the proper side (charge or credit), however at least one sections are made to an inappropriate record of the right kind. For instance, if fuel costs are mistakenly charged to the postage account (both business ledgers). This won't influence the sums. A mistake of rule is the point at which the passages are made to the right sum, and the suitable side (charge or acknowledge), similarly as with a blunder of commission, however an inappropriate kind of record is utilized. For instance, if fuel costs (a business ledger), are charged to stock (a benefit account). This won't influence the sums. Repaying mistakes are different irrelevant blunders that would separately prompt an awkwardness, however together offset one another. A Transposition Error is a mistake brought about by exchanging the situation of two contiguous digits. Since the subsequent mistake is consistently separable by 9, bookkeepers utilize this reality to find the mis-entered number. For instance, a complete is off by 72, partitioning it by 9 gives 8 which shows that one of the exchanged digits is either more, or less, by 8 than the other digit. Consequently the mistake was brought about by exchanging the digits 8 and 0 or 1 and 9. This will likewise not influence the aggregates.

Project Management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Task Management 2 - Essay Example ts ought to have a MSc degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or a related field, they ought to have in any event ten years pertinent involvement with driving innovation applications, oversee and activity of an examination program, They ought to know about cutting edge sequencing methodologies and strategies working with atomic diagnostics of plants just as creature pathogens. The person who gets the opportunity to meet all requirements for the activity ought to likewise be proficient in the accompanying fields of study specifically; utilization of genomic apparatuses in a wide scope of issues, sub-atomic science techniques for inquire about, instruments of sub-atomic science and innovation of bioinformatics. Versatility is fundamental for one to land the position. They ought to be prepared to learn and adjust to new innovation and strategies that will upgrade program adequacy and learning. They will be working in a multicultural multiracial condition and they will be required to regard and work adequately and proficiently with their associates. They ought to be can arrange ,sort out and see to fulfillment specialized exercises of research stages, they ought to have superb individuals and authoritative abilities, have a decent dominance of English both composed and spoken and in conclusion they should be PC

Key Dimensions

Change is fundamental and unavoidable piece of the cutting edge society and it criticalness is extremely predominant and extraordinary. Each open and privately owned businesses/associations are exposed to fast and incessant changes, on the grounds that the world changes too. An area and size of organization doesn’t matter. Essentially saying, it is for all intents and purposes unimaginable for the organization to keep away from changes, since they are marvels which are generally acknowledged. Present day administrators are taking a shot at discovering ways how to staff a feeling of power over evolving circumstances. As a matter of fact protection from change doesn’t imply that that the staff is against them, it implies that they object just the manner in which the progressions are executed. (Hierarchical Change 2006)Staff opposes to changes essentially in light of the fact that the purpose behind the change is muddled for them. Negative responses can be brought about by , for instance, by uncertainty in employments, costs and equipment.â The following explanation is that staff wasn’t counseled about the potential changes and they seem, by all accounts, to be a practiced certainty. It implies that representatives are happy to comprehend what is happening in association, particularly if their occupations might be affected.The third explanation of opposition is the point at which the potential changes may compromise the current examples of working connections between representatives. Individuals oppose to changes additionally when they are not happy with work force, monies and timetables or when the advantages for presenting changes are deficient for the included difficulty. Particularly staff is against changes when their capacity or status in association is influenced. In this way, directors ought to thoughtfully present changes with the goal that most of representatives will be satisfied.(Rosenberg 20)The most significant assignment for ad ministrators is to make their organizations learning associations. There are numerous strategies and approaches, however the most appropriate methodology is to train the staff well giving applicable improvements to such learning. Diverse instructing and training projects might be effectively executed. Likewise rewards and individual endorsements are permitted. Workers really ought to be exceptionally energetic. (Yerkes 462)Innovations are significant if the firm/association needs to stay serious in present day condition. Advancement is presentation of new techniques and things with an unmistakable reason to improve the organization’s execution. Development is blend of information applied to new assistance, procedures and products.Organizational advancement includes imaginative thoughts so as to have â€Å"tangible effect in the area in which the advancement occurs†. (Hyde 64) Innovation is described by the accompanying issues: relative bit of leeway implying that devel opments need to create critical upgrades to be adjusted; effortlessness implying that advancement ought to be handily comprehended and introduced; reasonableness; simple to take a stab at implying that new strategy ought to be effectively presented and surrendered if vital; simple to quantify implying that advantages, for example, time, productivity and cash ought to be effectively calculated.(Hyde 64)It is evident that burdens are additionally unavoidable part in every association. There are numerous potential wellsprings of worry inside hierarchical structure. For instance, association size might be a stressor.â Large associations once in a while cause the feeling of vulnerability among representatives. The following source is innovation utilized by an association for items or administration creation. Structure of association may adversely influence representatives making the feeling of being controlled as a machine.The extra pressure sources are close to home clashes, work plan and work jobs. (Laurus 773) It is referred to that burdens have negative outcomes as they are the reasons of hypertension, coronary supply route sickness, stomach ulcers and respiratory failures. Stress results in dejections and tensions just as restlessness may decline intellectual working. In the outcome an individual may lose fixation and trust in dynamic. There are numerous approaches to oversee pressure such as, changing stressors themselves, adjusting arbitrators of the stressors, decreasing individual’s reactions and mitigating the pressure outcomes. Association can oversee worry by offering help administrations, compromise and psychological treatment. (Kahn et al. 99)ReferencesAdaptation to change (2006) Bitpipe White papers on the web, Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.bitpipe.com/rlist/term/Change-Management.html?psrc=RTP.Hyde, A.C. (2002) Understanding Innovation in Management. The Public Manager, 31, 3, 64. James Morrison, and Ian Wilson. (1996) The Stra tegic Management Response to the Challenge of Global Change, Strategic Management, 7, 3, 25-27.Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, R.P., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., and Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Authoritative Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley, 98-102.Lazarus, R.S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., and Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and Adaptational Outcomes: The Problems of Confounded Measures.  American Psychologist, 40, 770-779.Organizational change the executives (2006) Journal of Organizational Change Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/data/diaries/jocm/jocm.jspRosenberg, Deanne. (1993, January) Eliminating Resistance to Change. Security Management, 37, 1, 20-23.Yerkes, R.M. and Dodson, J.D. (1988). The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation. Diary of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.

How Feature Writers Use Delayed Ledes

How Feature Writers Use Delayed Ledes A lede, generally utilized in include stories, that can take a few sections to start to recount to a story, instead of hard-news ledes, which must sum up a storys central matters in the principal passage. Postponed ledes can utilize portrayal, accounts, scene-setting or foundation data to maneuver the peruser into the story. How Delayed Ledes Work A postponed lede, likewise called a component lede, is utilized on highlight stories and permits you to break liberated from the standard hard-news lede, which must have the who, what, where, when, why, and how and layout the primary concern of the story in the absolute first sentence. A postponed lede permits the author to adopt an increasingly innovative strategy by setting a scene, portraying an individual or spot or recounting to a short story or account. In the event that that sounds recognizable, it should. A postponed lede is a lot of like the opening of a short story or novel. Clearly, a correspondent composing an element story doesnt have the advantage of making things up the manner in which a writer does, however the thought is a lot of the equivalent: Create an opening to your story that will make the peruser need to understand more. The length of a postponed lede changes relying upon the sort of article and whether you are composing for a paper or magazine. Deferred ledes for paper highlight articles commonly last close to three or four sections, while ones in magazines can go on any longer. The deferred lede is for the most part followed by whats called the nutgraph, which is the place the essayist clarifies what the story is about. Actually, that is the place the postponed lede gets its name; rather than the central matter of the story being laid out in the absolute first sentence, it comes a few sections later. Model Heres a case of a postponed lede from the Philadelphia Inquirer: Following a few days in isolation, Mohamed Rifaey at long last discovered help in torment. He would envelop his head by a towel and whack it against the soot square divider. Again and again. Im going to lose my psyche, Rifaey thought. I beseeched them: Charge me with something, with anything! Simply let me out to be with individuals. The displaced person from Egypt, presently completing his fourth month in guardianship in York County, Pa., is among several individuals gotten on an inappropriate side of the residential war on psychological warfare. In interviews with The Inquirer all around of prison, a few men depicted long confinements on negligible or no charges, bizarrely solid bond orders, and no claims of psychological oppression. Their stories have stressed common libertarians and migration advocates. As should be obvious, the initial two passages of this story establish the deferred lede. They depict the prisoners anguish without expressly expressing what the story is about. Be that as it may, in the third and fourth sections, the edge of the story is clarified. You can envision in what manner may have been composed utilizing a straight-news lede: Common libertarians state numerous foreigners have as of late been imprisoned as of late as a feature of the local war on fear mongering, in spite of the way that many have not been accused of any wrongdoing. That positively summarizes the central matter of the story, obviously, its not so convincing as the picture of the detainee slamming his head against the mass of his cell. That is the reason writers utilize postponed ledes - to catch a perusers eye, and never let go.

Academic Research Paper Outlines

Academic Research Paper OutlinesAcademic research papers are often the cornerstone of a student's future. Many high school students spend months on end, and even years, working on their papers before submitting them to their professors for final grade. It is no wonder that they are so devoted to their work.It is easy to get lost in all the details that constitute a research paper outline. This is why it is important to have a guide that outlines all the necessary steps. This guide will go through the steps one by one, to ensure that the entire project is completed correctly.The first step that every academic research paper outline must include is the thesis statement. The thesis statement is the most important part of the research paper outline. It is crucial that you find the best way to describe your ideas, and it is the basis of your work. Your topic should be centered around an idea that you can support with evidence. Your evidence should be backed up by references or other writt en sources.The next part of a research paper outline is the conclusion. This is where the author finally sums up the project. You must clearly state that you have written your conclusion and how you plan to present it. Do not just throw away the topic. Keep it alive by making it relevant to current events, and continue to refine it as you go along.The outline should end with a list of 'comments' that cover the main points of the paper outline. These comments are usually supplementary to the main idea. They are important to make sure that you understand your topic adequately, and also that you do not miss out any key points of your outline.Along with the outline, you must also come up with appropriate methods for conducting the research that is necessary for the project. There are many methods that can be used for this purpose. However, the most common method is to gather information from a variety of sources. For example, you could collect data from a newspaper article, an internet search, an interview, or any other source of information that may prove helpful to your project.Finally, it is important to keep in mind that the outline that you put together should not be viewed as a blueprint for the final paper. You should still make it a guideline, and then formulate the entire project around the outline. An outline is a good tool to use, but it is not the end-all and be-all of the project.Writing an outline does not have to be complicated. It can take the form of a table or chart, which is common in presentation templates. You should look to see what is available in the way of templates to help you make your project flow smoothly.

A Company Law Problem Scenario - Free Essay Example

Table of Contents Introduction Facts in the Scenario Identification of the Legal Issues Arising From the Facts in the Scenario Identification and Application of Appropriate Legislation or Case Law Conclusion Bibliography In Advising Jane Introduction Company law primarily discourses certain major sets of fundamentals that are integral in the structure of large companies. These principles mainly arise amid the management and the shareholder, majority shareholders and minority shareholder, and the controller of the company and the non-shareholder. Among these principles, it is widely prevalent that a company often suffers from the disputes between the shareholders. It is commonly believed that minority shareholders have to abide by the will of majority shareholders. It has been observed that protecting minority shareholders within the scope of corporate activity has emerged as one of the most difficult issues in the modern company law. However, there are certain legislations and rules articulated under common law which ensure the adequate protection of minority shareholders. Furthermore, there has been constant debate on the issues related with the exercise of directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power. It has often been argued that directors of the company apply their power for proper purpose and in the best interest of the company. However, there are certain instances where directors rendering their fiduciary duty can be considered to violate certain specific laws. Correspondingly, this study intends to address the issue of related with the legal protection for minority shareholders and directors fiduciary duty pertaining to the case provided. M oreover, the study further intends to provide relevant advice to Jane.[1] Facts in the Scenario It has been observed from this case that directors of Wolf Toys Limited are allocated with powers to issue shares in their absolute discretion in such quantity and at such value as they shall determine under the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Article of Association. Notably, Tom and Ben the two directors of the company, is observed to hold 51% of the total companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shares while Jane, the other director possessed 10% of the total shares. Tom and Ben who hold the majority of shares of the company decided to expand the business by buying another company which is involved in making soft toys. This decision was reached due to the continuing decline in soft toy market. However, Jane who holds 10% of the total shares disagree with this decision of Tom and Ben on the ground that this decision would not be in the best interest of the company and it would lead to disaster. La ter, Tom and Ben discover a successful firm that had been involved in making of teddy bears but due to the insufficient fund availability within the company, it was not possible to make immediate bid for the firm. Thus, both Tom and Ben issued shares and placed it to known supporters to raise fund. This eventually led towards reducing the power of Jane Subsequently, a general meeting was called in which a resolution was passed resulting in dismissal of Jane as a director. At the same time, a special resolution was passed by Tom and Ben along with the consent of the supporters in which certain provisions articulated in the article were deleted. Owing to this reason Janeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right towards attaining compensation and selling of her shares were restricted.[2] Identification of the Legal Issues Arising From the Facts in the Scenario It is apparent from the facts identified in the above scenario that there are certain pertinent legal issues. In this regard, one of t he most vital issues can be identified in the form of abuse of majority shareholder position exercised against the minority shareholders interest. Another issue can be identified as the exercise of power by the directors holding majority of shares for an improper purpose depriving rights of other director holding minimum shares. It can be ascertained from the case that Tom and Ben along with other shareholders passed a special resolution with the intention to secure control of the company and discourage and restrict Jane from interfering in the issue related to proceeding bids. This issue can be identified to have emerged solely for acquiring directors benefits rather meeting the interest of the company. Moreover, breach of directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duty can be identified in relation to issuing shares to acquire majority support for their side in an internal power struggle. It can be recognised from the case scenario that Tom and Ben have issued shares to known supporters in or der to wrest the power and control from Jane. Furthermore, the allotment of share by Tom and Ben to known supporters was made with the intention to execute possible takeover bid. Correspondingly, such action of Tom and Ben can be considered as improper exercise of their power. It is worth mentioning that directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power related with issue of shares is a fiduciary duty. This implies that directors are required to act as bonafide in what they consider to be in the best interest of the company and in good faith while their action should not be intended towards attaining collateral benefits or purposes. How, it is apparent from the case that the two directors namely Tom and Ben exercised their fiduciary power just to wrest the control from Jane and acquire funding. Thus, it can be firmly stated that there was a breach of fiduciary duty of directors.[3]that directors must remain within the scope of the powers which have been conferred upon them, that directors must a ct in good faith to promote the success of the company, that directors must exercise independent judgment, and directors must not put themselves in a position in which their personal interest or duties to other conflict with their duty to the company. It is clear that Tom and Ben have breached their fiduciary duties. The damage for breach of fiduciary duty is based on tort principle this was established in the case of Cohen v.Selby. (a) Return of property a director has received in breach of duty, (b) confiscation of account or profits a director has made as a result of breach of duty, (c) rescission of contracts made in breach of duty, (d) equitable compensation. Jane can claim for damages from Tom and Ben based on this principle. Identification and Application of Appropriate Legislation and Case Law The United Kingdom has incorporated codified statement related with the duties of directors under the companies Act 2006. The sections 171 to 177 articulated in the Companies Act 2006 specify the general duties of directors. These general duties are based on the rules incorporated in the common law. These general rules are to be applied on an equitable basis. Furthermore, the section 172 (1) of the Companies Act 2006 requires that directors are obligated to act in the way that they consider to be good faith which will stimulate the success of the company and the other members. Thus, it can be stated that Tom and Ben concerning the issue of shares has breached the terms articulated under the section 172 (1) of the Companies Act 2006. Thus, it is suggested to Jane to proceed with criminal prosecution on the ground of breach of fiduciary duty articulated in section 172 (1) of the company Act 2006. However, it is worth mentioning that it would be quite a difficult task for Jane to prove that the action of Tom and Ben was associated with the breach of fiduciary duty as the Articles of Association of Wolf Toys Limited give the directors power to issue shares i n their absolute discretion in such quantity and at such value as they determine, In this regard, Jane can seek for derivative action under the Companies Act 2006. According the Companies Act 2006, it permits majority shareholders to remove directors from his/her position as a director of the company. It would thus be difficult for Jane to prove that the directors including Tom and Ben along with other shareholder did not act in good faith. This was illustrated in the case of Bushell v Faith (1970) AC 1099. Jane can seek for derivative claim by alleging breach of any of the general duties related with directors set out in the Companies Act 2006 comprising duty to apply skill and reasonable care based on their best of knowledge that would benefit the company.[4] Moreover, under section 994 (1) of the companies Act 2006, Jane can apply for unfair prejudice petitions in order to seek remedies. It can be ascertained that in the case study provided there has been a significant breach of fiduciary duty by the two directors namely Tom and Ben which has been witnessed. Correspondingly, the breach of fiduciary duty can be viewed in relation to misuse of directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power to issue of shares. It can be argued that directors are required to use their fiduciary power for proper purpose which implies that any decision or rendering of duty by directors ought to be in the best interest of the company and it needs to be delivered in good faith. In this regard, it can be stated that the issue of shares is one of the major ways of acquiring fund for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operation. This activity of the directors is one of the important fiduciary duties performed by the directors. The other proper purpose of executing the power of directors can be observed in the form of fostering the desirable business relationship with the other directors and members of the company for ensuring adequate enhancement of the financial performance of the company. On the other hand, improper purpose for issue of shares generally involves executing or defeating takeover, attaining control of a company by allotting share to known supporters in order to wrest control of other directors or shareholders and prevention of interest of unfriendly directors. Thus, it can be observed from the case provided that a majority of the stated improper purposes were executed by Tom and Ben. Similar issues have been identified in the case of Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd, where it was observed that the directors used their fiduciary power related with allotment of shares in order to weaken the voting power of the majority shareholder. With regard to this case, judgement was made that such actions of the directors related with the exercise of fiduciary power can be attributed to the aspect of improper purpose and was self-motivated. It was firmly stated that directors were motivated by self-interest that was to acquire complete control over the company. On hea ring, Lordships affirmed that unconstitutional for directors to use their fiduciary powers over shares in the company purely for the purpose of destroying an existing majority, or creating a new majority which did not previously exist. Correspondingly, based on this case law, it can be suggested to Jane that the action executed by Tom and Ben is unconstitutional, Jane has the right to sue both the directors against the breach of fiduciary power and loss of office. Similarly, in the case of Ngurli Ltd v McCann, it was ascertained that the directors issued shares to friends for the purpose of maintaining their position of control which result in breach of fiduciary duty. Concerning this case, judgment was passed by the high court where the court ruled that a director cannot use the fiduciary power to issue shares at self-interest to the exclusion of minority shareholder. Based on this judgment made by the high Court, it is advised that Jane holds the right to sue Tom and Ben aga inst the issue of share to known supporters and there was an exclusion experienced by her, due to the special resolution passed by majority shareholders. Tom and Ben is also in breach of standard articles of association 2008 Schedule 1 for deleting the provision in the articles which entitled Jane to compensation..[5] In the case of Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd it was observed that the directors issued shares to trustees with the self-motive of destroying the takeover and retaining the control of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s board. In this case. Plaintiff claimed that the issue of share was invalid and directors were involved in the violation of their fiduciary power. In the trial, the court declared that this issue of share by the shareholders was invalid and ordered for conducting a meeting for rectifying the issues of shares. Based on this case law, it can be affirmed that Jane has the right to undertake legal actions against Tom and Ben and can seek for equitable relief. Conclus ion Several important aspects have been observed from the analysis of this case. It is noteworthy that the two directors namely Tom and Ben had issued shares to known supporter in order to wrest the control from Jane. Furthermore, they had used their fiduciary power with the self-motive which can be categorised as the breach of fiduciary duty under the section 171 to 177 of the companies Act 2006 which firmly seeks that directors are required to execute their fiduciary power in good faith and for proper purpose. In this regard, Jane has the right to file a petition on the ground that the execution of fiduciary duty by Tom and Ben in terms of issue of shares was invalid and was against the duties articulated in the Companies Act 2006. Similar cases where judgment was delivered in favour of the plaintiff have also been identified. Thus, based on this case law, Jane can seek equitable relief and derivative claim against the damage or loss incurred by her; she is also entitle to comp ensation for loss of office due to action of Tom and Ben. Bibliography 1. Table of Cases Cohen v Selby (2000) All ER Bushell v Faith (1970) AC 1099 Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd (1974) AC 821 Ngurli Ltd v McCann (1953) 90 CLR 425 Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd (1967) Ch 254 2. Table of Legislation Companies Act 2006 Companies Act (2006) Directors Duties Section 171-177 Section 172 (1) companies Act (2006) Section 994 (1) companies Act (2006) Section 195 companies Act (2006) Standard Articles of Association (2008) Schedule 1 3. Books [1] Paul L Davies, The Board Directors: Composition, Structure, Duties and Powers (Core Company Law and principal/Agent Problems, 2000) www.oecd.org/daf/ca/corporategovernanceprinciples/1857291.pdf Accessed 12 January 2011 [2] Carr Law, Rights of minority shareholders (Business-Incorporation-Organization-And-Operation, 2014) www.carrlaw.com/business-incorporation-organisation-and-operation/rights-of-minority-shareholders accessed 12 January 2014 Jinlong Zhao and Si Lv, On Fiduciary Duties of Controlling Shareholders of Targeted Corporation,(2011) 4 (2) Journal of Politics and Law www.ccsenet.org/journal accessed 20 January 2014 [3]3 company act 2006,directors duties Company act 2006 S.178 breach of directors duties Cohen v. Selby (200) ALL ER Section.195 companies act 2006 [4] Companies Act 2006 Director duties section 171 to 177 companies act 2006 Section 172 (1) companies act 2006 Breach of fiduciary duty Bushell v Faith (1970) AC 1099 Section 994 (1) companies act 2006 [5] Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd (1974) AC821 Ngurli Ltd v McCann (1953) 90 CLR 425 at 438 Articles of association (2008) sch 1 Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd (1967) Ch 254

We Must Regulate the Advertising of Unhealthy Fast Food Essay

Think back to last year’s Super Bowl. What do we really remember about the event? One might say the game-winning drive, the players excitement, but what most of us remember was the commercials. The hilarious Old Spice commericals, the creative, funny, car commercials, and most importantly the dozens of commercials about food. Ranging from Campbell’s Soup, to Snickers, to Coca Cola, these commercials seem to be shown just for our entertainment; however, although we might not realize it, they do influence our decision making down the road. It no longer amazes people when they hear about how companies pay millions of dollars for a few minutes of airtime on events such as the Super Bowl. Over that past several years, research is starting to†¦show more content†¦Within these ninety-eight hours of recorded program times, a total of 1344 advertisements were found. Out of these 1344 advertisements, thirty-three percent, around four and a half advertisementsperhour, wer e for food. The shocking thing about these commercials however, was the fact that around seventy-nine percent of these food commercials were for candy, and fast food. Foods were classified as â€Å"healthy† if they met Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol, but the food being advertised was clearly not. The study from Singapore is just one specific example of how much pressure the media is placing on children, and what they consume, and how unbeneficial this pressure is. Another study conducted by Kristen Harrison and Amy L. Marske also shows the correlation between food advertising, how it is geared towards children, and the nutritional benefits, or lack thereof, of the foods being advertised. These researchers focused on just the nutritional content of the foods being advertised during hours of peak child viewers. They then coded the foods being advertised based on what type of food it was, such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, or snack food. They found that fast food and sweets comprised eighty-three percent of all the food advertisement in hoursofpeak child viewers. Snack foods were depicted much more than any otherShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity1472 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling there is less of a need to exercise and eat healthy. There are also more fast food select ions, which lead to bad eating habits and so on. This causal argument will cover the topic of obesity, why it is important and how it has become major issue in America today. Obesity in America is due to many factors that include: lack of exercise and energy balance, poor eating habits, overeating, work schedules and food advertising. Overeating is one way in which obesity continues to grow in America. OvereatingRead MoreThe Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food1248 Words   |  5 Pagesobesity. A child is considered obese if that child is above the normal weight for their age and height. Childhood obesity is a â€Å"national epidemic† problem in America that needs major attention. In the article,†The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food,† by Michael Moss he acknowledges that â€Å"Among children, the rates had more than doubled since 1980, and the number of kids considered obese had shot past 12 million†(473). Moss’s point is that the rates of childhood obesity has increased tremendouslyRead MoreAdvertising Targeted to Children Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagessince the birth of bartering, advertisement is an unavoidable thing especially in today’s modern society. As adults we can make decisions on our own to not be manipulated by advertisement we encounter today but what is the there to regulate advertisement aimed to children in today’s society? In order to control advertisement targeted to children the government must set up laws to regulate what is shown because if advertisement goes unregulated the hidden effects and causes will lead our children to aRead MoreFast Food Restaurants and the Decline of Americans Health Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesStates have eaten regularly at fast food restaurants. As the obesity rate increases, the number of fast food restaurants goes up as well. Although it is not certain, many believe that obesity in the United States is correlated to eating fast food. Since the United States has the highest obesity rate out of any country, it is important for Americans to monitor the fast food industry that may be causing obesity. With the pressure to get things done in a timely manner, fast food became a big necessity. HoweverRead MoreEnding Corporate Exploitation Of Children2006 Words   |  9 Pa gesCorporate Exploitation of Children We live in a world of advertising and consumerism. 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Your body tak es the food you eat and breaks down fat like proteinRead MoreThe Food Of Food Industry1536 Words   |  7 PagesAdditives in Food People used to appreciate wholesome, nutritious food. These days, the American diet is comprised of primarily processed food. Is health being sacrificed for convenience? What is really in the food that Americans eat? Are all the preservatives and additives hurting consumers more than they are helping? There are definitely benefits to the modern food industry; however, consumers want to be sure that these benefits outweigh the risks associated with this new food technology. Food manufacturersRead MoreJunk Food10479 Words   |  42 PagesFighting Junk Food Marketing to Kids: a toolkit for advocates Fighting Junk Food Marketing to Kids: a toolkit for advocates Berkeley Media Studies Group Contents 1 Introduction Why we developed this toolkit, how you can use it 2 Food and Beverage Marketing: Targeting our kids Unhealthy foods are hurting our kids Kids’ purchasing power Food ads target kids Most food ads are for unhealthy foods Ethnic target marketing: it’s worse for communities of color 3 Marketing: More than just advertisingRead MoreObesity : A Effect On A Child s Life Essay2056 Words   |  9 Pages1520 19, December 2016 Annotation Thompson, Stephanie. Who Is Responsible for Childhood Obesity in U.S.? Advertising Age 77.5 (2006): 4. Web. Obesity has a profound effect on a child’s life; an obese child is more likely to become an obese adult. Proper nutrition habits start as soon as the child is born, overfeeding an infant can affect the way the child perceives food. The parent is held accountable for what and how much their child eats and drinks. The community, churches and schoolsRead MoreThe Food Industry and Self-Regulation: Standards to Promote Success and to Avoid Public Health Failures7346 Words   |  30 PagesFRAMING HEALTH MATTERS The Food Industry and Self-Regulation: Standards to Promote Success and to Avoid Public Health Failures Lisa L. Sharma, MBA, MPH, Stephen P. Teret, JD, MPH, and Kelly D. Brownell, PhD Threatened by possible government regulation and critical public opinion, industries often undertake self-regulatory actions, issue statements of concern for public welfare, and assert that self-regulation is sufï ¬ cient to protect the public. The food industry has made highly visible pledges

Foreign Language Learning - 3452 Words

http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/ Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 2009, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 31–41  © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore A Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Foreign Language Learning Reza Pishghadam (pishghadam@um.ac.ir) Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Abstract The major aim of this study was to examine the role of emotional intelligence in second language learning. At the end of the academic year, 508 second year students at four universities in Iran were asked to complete the Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EQ-i). EQ-i data were matched with the students’ academic records, scores in reading, listening, speaking, and writing.†¦show more content†¦The early designers of intelligence tests focused only on cognitive abilities such as memory and problem-solving. For example, Binet equated intelligence with the abilities of logic and language. In fact, in the first half of the 20th century, IQ tests were considered adequate measures of intelligence. Society linked IQ scores to an individual’s potential for success in life (Wechsler, 1958). Current research has moved away from IQ scores as the only measure of intelligence. As early as 1920, Thorndike hypothesized that true intelligence was composed of not only a n academic component, but also of emotional and social components. Social intelligence, wrote Thorndike, is â€Å"the ability to understand and manage men and women, boys and girls – to act wisely in human relations† (p. 228). It is an ability that â€Å"shows itself abundantly in the nursery, on the playground, in barracks and factories and salesrooms, but it eludes the formal standardized conditions of the testing laboratory† (p. 231). In 1967, Guilford presented a view of intelligence as a multifaceted construct composed of one hundred and twenty different types of intelligence. Shanley, Walker and Foley (1971) held that social intelligence was distinct from academic intelligence, but theyShow MoreRelatedAdvantages of Learning Foreign Languages711 Words   |  3 Pagesother mouse, â€Å"Do you realize how important it is to learn a foreign language?† This is a joke but also a slice-of-life story. Learning a foreign language is a popular choice for man y people. Even though some people believe that learning a foreign language should not be required because they do not go abroad, and it is not commonly used in daily lives, more people agree that they can get benefits from learning a foreign language. Foreign languages are useful for people who either go to another countryRead MoreDisadvantages of Learning Foreign Language1489 Words   |  6 PagesDISADVANTAGES OF LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE By Rebekah Richards Learning a foreign language has some obvious benefits: you can learn about other cultures, improve your job prospects and travel through foreign countries more easily. However, learning a foreign language has some disadvantages, too, such as the cost of language courses and the time it requires. Weighing the costs and benefits can help you decide whether learning a foreign language is the right choice for you. Learning foreign language study isntRead MoreSpeech On Learning Foreign Languages787 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Working Outline Topic: Learning Foreign Languages Purpose: To inform my audience a few ways to learn how to speak the foreign languages. Introduction Attention Getter: Imagine yourself at a different country that you have never visit before. 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Brumfit (1981:1) says that â€Å"EnglishRead MoreTeaching And Learning Foreign Languages Essay2040 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the end of the 19th century, teaching and learning a foreign language was developing rapidly and became one of the most discussed issues in the field of education (Lacorte, 2005). Hence, new studies were needed in order to discover new and effective methodologies for teaching and learning foreign languages in the world language classroom. Thus, many studies have been conducted in this area during the last three decades. As a result, new teaching methods and strategies were developed and researchedRead MoreLearning A Foreign Language For Grade School1026 Words   |  5 PagesLearning a Foreign Language in Grade School Have you ever wished you took a foreign language class in school because that one person you like speaks another language? Or going on a vacation in another country and wished you had taken that French class in school so you didn t have to keep your book handy just in case? Students in junior high and high school should be required to learn a foreign language because you learn about different cultures, it opens up a world of job opportunities and helpsRead MoreWhy Learning A Foreign Language Is Important?832 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Learning a Foreign Language is Important? Language is very important for every human being. It helps us to communicate with each other also to be able to read, write and understand what we see in the books, television and streets. Language is a system, which helps the humans to operate and communicate similar to the need for operating system that helps the processor to make the hardware and the software work, likewise our need for the language, which helps us to improve our brain that makesRead MoreLearning A Foreign Language Is Not An Easy Task Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages In fact, learning a foreign language is not an easy task. This process demands from learners a lot of concentration, persistence and intensive studies if required. However, the fact of the matter, that there are a lot of trammels that impede learners from learning any foreign language. Indeed, it is worthy considering that these barriers are beyond learners predominance, as being related to their emotional side ; that is to say ; it is not easy to g et rid from them and this is why a lot of researchRead MoreThe Importance Of Learning English As A Foreign Language844 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish is one of the most spoken languages all over the world and for many people become a requirement in different area as work, school, social and cultural. This essay will explain through the use of research how this particular student learns English as a foreign language; needs, influences, strategies and intelligence. Yazmin Araceli Gonzalez Medina is 29 years old. She was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and her mother tongue is Spanish. She likes English and has knowledge about L2Read MoreThe Learning And Use Of The Foreign Language1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe part of the citizens. Without this, Nigeria will be linguistically, politically, educationally and socially isolated from her francophone neighbors. This realization informed certain provisions guiding language study in Nigeria education system. The learning and use of the foreign language is not only peculiar to Nigeria. It is a worldwide phenomenon. Early bilingual education was advocated by the Renaissance humanists but in more recent times, international organizations are reiterating that

Essay about Self Reflection - 4184 Words

Part 1 Introduction â€Å"A successful company is built by their successful working teams.† This is not only happening in certain company but all industry which have a strength working teams. This indicates that the working teams play a very important role in the industry to get the company keeps improving. Four generations work under one Roof! It is impossible all the employees in an industry conducted a same generation, same education level, and same working experiences or even have the same cultures. Therefore, these might appear some problems among the employees while during the working operation. This might be a challenge for the employer who has to solve the problems and turn these problems to the working effort. There are†¦show more content†¦Conversely, the elder generation is always think that young generation is lack of experiences and egoistic. Therefore, team building may narrow their working relationship and minimize their strange distance. Experiences sharing It is also a chance for the employees to gain the working experiences or social experiences during team building. The employees may share their previous working experiences to their partner or team. It is clear that everyone has the different experiences no matter it is fun, interesting or upsetting. This is an occasion for the employees to gain the experiences from their partner which they never face or happened before. This experiences sharing is advantage to the young generation or the freshman who just start their working life. With this, the employees may get the knowledge from the experiences sharing by their working partner and they may refer this to face the problem while occur in the future. Core Value Team building is not only to improve the employee’s teamwork, but it is also to strengthen the core value of the employees to their work. Some of the employee does not ensure their situation or doubtful with their job whether the job is suitable for them or not. Many of the employees may think that they are only temporary work with this company and will transfer to other company soon. This shows that the employee who with this mind is not clear with their workingShow MoreRelatedReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-development through reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowled ge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). WithinRead MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  on   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:Read MoreSelf Reflection : Self Esteem956 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-esteem is the comprehension of self-acknowledgement from the self and from others. Factors contributing to overall self-esteem includes; Self-worth, Self- tolerance and belief in oneself. (SOURCE4) Self-esteem is thought to begin as early as life and continue throughout existence with various changes as age progresses. (SOURCE#2) A sense of self-esteem outside of the norm can lead to problematic life occurrences. Both high and low self-perception can intervene with everyday life. People withRead MoreA Reflection On Self Esteem1054 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-esteem is a term used to describe how a person judges themselves in terms of being valued, accepted and worthy. This evaluation of one’s self is extremely important as a child moves through each stage of development. It can determine a child’s future success or fai lure. A positive self-esteem allows one to make gains in achievement through hard work and effort. They are prone to accepting new challenges and working hard to attain a goal. If they fail, they learn from their mistakes and formRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Esteem1571 Words   |  7 PagesMy overall score from the quiz was a 53. According to the results I am on the higher end of the moderate self-esteem. I agree with the assessment, under the context that self-esteem is interchangeable with the concept of self worth. Worthiness, generally speaking, is a immensely broad subject that lends itself exclusively to ones mental fiber and is either bolstered or berated by societal influence. Under those terms, I agree with some reservations. In the way I have understood the reading and reflectRead MoreReflection About Self Compassion1310 Words   |  6 PagesSelf Compassion and love are two things everyone needs to discover. When you discover the true concepts and apply them to your everyday life your outlook on life can be transformed. Using the concepts from the book â€Å"Self-Compassion† by Kristin Neff, I will discuss the idea of self-compassion and provide examples of my life experiences and strategies that I have used. Then I will use the concepts from the books â€Å"Lovability† by Robert Holden and â€Å"Whatever Arises Love That† by Matt Kahn to discuss theRead MoreReflection On Self Fulfilling Prophecy1044 Words   |  5 PagesSelf- fulfilling prophecy Journal #1 Being human comes with more complication from within. What we know of perception to life itself is short lived and long standing no matter the outcomes of our character. Self-fulfilling prophecy is presented in two different ways; one occurs when your own expectations influences your behavior. The second occurs when the expectations of one person governs another’s actions. Everyday our impressionable make-up is being challenged by our inner most thoughtsRead MoreSelf Reflection : Self-Reflection1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Reflection This spring semester I have evolved as a writer and reader. This course has refreshed my memory with basic essential writing techniques and it has made me more proficient when it comes to writing. When it came to writing essays, I use to be so scared to turn them in. I was never a good writer and composing an essay was usually extremely tough. I would have multiple people proofread my essays, but I still doubted my work. Now when it comes to writing essays I feel more confidentRead MoreReflection Of Self Reflection And Self Restraint962 Words   |  4 Pagesthe new moon. This month is fundamentally a time where followers of the Islamic give up food, drinks, sex, smoking etc. for the main purpose of self reflection and self restraint. Prominent practices during Ramadan include, sawm, praying and reciting the Quran. All of the previously mentioned practices are believed to connect to spiritual reflection, self improvement and increased worship. Fasting during the month of Ramadan is both a duty and a great worship. The fast otherwise known as sawm whichRead MoreReflection On Self Reflection809 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection The purpose of this paper is to explain how I will plan to implement effective choices in improving a change in personal behavior and the improvement tours my fitness attitude. Wellness has a broader definition, than health, which it’s definition is the absence of disease and wellness is defined as the optimal health and vitality to living a healthy and fulfilling life. Also, is a process in which we become aware and we make choices to a better lifestyle. Maintaining an excellent

Duty Fulfill Your Obligations - 974 Words

â€Å"Duty: Fulfill your obligations. Doing your duty means more than carrying out your assigned tasks. Duty means being able to accomplish tasks as part of a team. The work of the U.S. Army is a complex combination of missions, tasks and responsibilities — all in constant motion. Our work entails building one assignment onto another. You fulfill your obligations as a part of your unit every time you resist the temptation to take â€Å"shortcuts† that might undermine the integrity of the final product.† Here is my definition of duty. An act in which a person takes upon his self to serve his country or his God and to perform this act without question or hesitation. â€Å"Respect: Treat people as they should be treated. In the Soldier’s Code, we pledge to â€Å"treat others with dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same.† Respect is what allows us to appreciate the best in other people. Respect is trusting that all people have done their jobs and fulfilled their duty. And self-respect is a vital ingredient with the Army value of respect, which results from knowing you have put forth your best effort. The Army is one team and each of us has something to contribute.† This is my definition of respect. Respect is taking value and others points of view, even if you do not agree with it. It also means being open to other people’s ideas and their ways of life and also respecting other people as they are. Also, respect is to treat other people the way you wish to be treated. Respect isShow MoreRelated7 army values806 Words   |  4 PagesBear true faith and allegiance in the correct order to the Constitution, the Army, and the organization. Observe higher headquarters priorities. Work within the system without manipulating it for personal gain. DUTY Leaders who demonstrate devotion to duty: Fulfill obligations-professional, legal, and moral. Carry out mission requirements. Meet professional standards. Set the example. Comply with policies and directives. Continually pursue excellence. RESPECT Leaders who demonstrateRead MorePsychological and Ethical Egoism, Mill vs Kant, and Ethical Relativism904 Words   |  4 Pagesstates that the actions of humans are merely to fulfill their wants and desires. This means that the actions taken by humans are never to fulfill someone else’s desires but always to fulfill their own. Also this view doesn’t state that the actions of people are right or wrong, it just simply explains why said person is motivated to act in certain ways. For example, if Jack goes on a walk, the only description of why he did this is because it fulfills his desire to do so. As for Ethical egoism, thereRead MoreNon-commissioned Officer and Army Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Duties, Responsibility and Integrity Military duties, responsibilities and integrity is important to the Army. An NCO duties includes taking care of his or her Soldiers and accomplishing the mission. A Soldier’s duty includes obeying orders. Duty and Responsibility is part of the Army values for a reason. I’m accordance with Army regulation Field Manual 7-22.7 covers the duties,responsibilities and authorities of a Non Commissioned Officer. Duty is fulfilling your obligationsRead MoreA Study On The Indus River Valley1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sacred texts, the Vedas in a time frame of 1500-600 BCE. One of the focal points of the religion is the idea of dharma. In Hinduism, dharma means the truth or a way of life that all followers should adhere to in their best interest. It’s an obligation that every Hindu has to follow or he’s subject to a reincarnation that is worse than their current life. While the rise of Hinduism took place in the Indus River Valley, Buddhism started in approximately 500 BCE as a reform movement within IndianRead MoreRight Place Time Uniform1536 Words   |  7 Pages Being at the right place, time, and uniform displays discipline and supports the team. The consequences are more significant than the rewards. It can either make everything very simple, smooth, and efficient when you fulfill your duties. It will hinder, and remove other soldiers from a mission when one fails to uphold their responsibilities. The responsibility of attendance and proper attire is not difficult nor complicated. Communication is also a key part that supports the efficiency of the twoRead MoreThe Army Standards1104 Words   |  5 PagesLoyalty is to bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other Soldiers. Bearing true faith and allegiance is a matter of believing in and devoting yourself to something or someone. A loyal Soldier is one who supports the leadership and stands up for fellow Soldiers. By wearing the uniform of the U.S. Army you are expressing your loyalty. And by doing your share, you show your loyalty to your unit. Ev ery person has someone kind of moral of being loyal to somethingRead MoreAccountability - The importance of obligation with the Army.1598 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents organization, discipline, and control. Accountability becomes an obligation when you join the Army, it benefits every party involved. The importance of obligation with the Army. Your obligations given to you as a soldier are there to help you perform your duties, much like guidelines to success. Obligations within a workplace are there to benefit those associated within the environment, in this scenario obligation to report our location and actions being taken were there to help our leadersRead MoreFate and Destiny in the Aeneid and the Odyssey Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagesthought is the ideas of fate and duty. We humans desire to know whether the path of our lives is preordained and unalterable or if it is just a series of consequences from our past actions. If we live by fate and believe our path is already set in stone, then is it our obligation to fulfill that destiny to the best of our abilities or can we resist and hope to forge our own story? It is quite obvious in the epics of both Aeneus and Odysseus that the idea of fate and duty plays a huge role. The differenceRead Moresensitive item1358 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagesto live by the army values ; loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, personal courage. If a soldier were to lose a sensitive item it would be a violation of the army values. Failure to keep up with a sensitive item violates the values of Duty, Integrity, and honor. The definitions of duty, integrity and honor as stated on goarmy.com are â€Å"Duty: Fulfill your obligations.  Doing your duty means more than carrying out your assigned tasks. Duty means being able to accomplish tasks asRead More Responsibilities in William Shakespeares Merchant of Venice1212 Words   |  5 PagesEvery servant has a responsibility to his master before he is responsible to himself. Lancelot violates this basic principle of servitude, and thus brings shame upon himself. Not only is Lancelot under a contractual obligation to Shylock, he has both social and religious obligations to remain in Shylock’s service. It is no surprise that the one who counsels Lancelot t o leave Shylock is â€Å"the fiend† himself. â€Å"To be ruled by my conscience I should stay with the Jew my master who, God bless the mark

Differences Between Hip Hop And Pop Hop - 3082 Words

Discuss notions of ‘authenticity’ in relation to either: a) Hip-Hop (and/or its sub genres). How have race, class and gender been redefined with regards to ‘keeping it real’? You should refer to academic texts such as Jones, Steve (2002) Pop Music the Press. Temple Uni. Press The notion of the authenticity in hip-hop is that it has to do with being associated to â€Å"the street† or the urban ghetto. â€Å"The core of Hip Hop cultural activity†, a â€Å"site of originality, culture, perception, and cognizance† (Alim 2004a: 390– 91). Furthermore, The expression â€Å"keepin’ it real† is almost a repetition in Hip Hop insisting individuals to be true to their roots, and not to â€Å"front† or make-believe something they are not (Rickford and Rickford 2000: 23). Hip Hop is apparently a multiracial and multicultural movement, yet its roots and artistic strength and most of its well-known rap artists, come primarily from urban African American communities (Blake 1993). In 1999, it was dubbed â€Å"the most important musical genre in America† by the New York Times (Strauss 1999: 28), and has debatably been one of the foremost youth cultures in the United States since the early 1990s. Despite the multi-ethn ic nature of the founding community of hip hop, young African American working-class, urban males emerged as the art’s central representatives. However, the centrality of African Americans in articulations of authentic, hip hop has roots that are more diasporic than popularity professed. Hip hopShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Hip Hop And Pop Music1117 Words   |  5 Pagesconnection between hip hop music and pop music. It has brought a bountiful amount of collaborations and music that makes individuals want to dance and have a great time. Many times there is a negative connection between the musical styles. For example, there is also a lot of disdain between artists, many times about whether their respective genre is what they consider â€Å"real† music. Pop music has been defined as â€Å"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular jazz, rock and folk music.† Hip Hop musicRead MoreThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ma fia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustices, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clot hing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreAnalysis Of J. Cole s The Album 2014 Forest Hill Drive Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pageslabel. As a hip-hop artist, J. Cole manages to gain more success than any rap album with no features. J. Cole writes an honest, and nostalgic album that speaks further into his thoughts on current social issues and his personal life story. He shines a light on his insecurities and gets his audience to feel a special connection with him as an artist. J. Cole managed to create the only album in rap and hip-hop history to go platinum without any features while transcending development of pop culture withinRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Hop901 Words   |  4 PagesThe genre that I am going to select is Hip Hop/Rap. The 5 top ten from the 80s are The Message by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Self-Destruction by KRS-One and the Stop the Violence Movement, Push It by Salt-N-Pepa, I’m Bad by LL Cool J, Fight The Power by Public Enemy, Straight Out Of Compton by NWA. The 5 top ten from 2015 are Know Yourself by Drake, Trap Queen by Fetty Wap, Alright by Kendrick Lamar, Blessings by Big Sean Featuring Drake, and Feeling Myself by Nicki Minaj featuringRead MoreHip Hop Culture Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesHip-Hop culture is often confused with the Hip-Hop genre. Hip-Hop as a culture is more than just the music, it is a way of life. Hip-Hop music as a genre has changed from being Rap to including Pop. Hip-Hop is an evolving culture, constantly changing as the older generation fades and the newer generation carries on the legacy along with incorporating its new style. The new generation of Hip-Hop or rather Hip-Hop today focuses more on Partying, music, and Swag rather than the original elements: DeejayingRead MoreThe Bad Touch Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"alternative rock†, while 107.9 The End believes that their music genre is hip hop, and pop. These two radio station would be considered to be very diff erent by most people, this is why it seemed so peculiar that they would be playing the same song. In order to understand the difference between the two different genres that the radio stations play we will first have to identify the differences between the alternative rock, and hip hop pop. The roots of rock and roll started in the South with rhythm andRead MoreHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Hip-hop culture began to develop in the south Bronx area of New York City during the 1970s. It had a significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-hop music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting social, economic and politicalRead MoreHow Hip Hop Is Influenced By African Americans And Hispanic Americans909 Words   |  4 Pages Carine Green English-Kogut Who does Hip-Hop belong to ? Hip-hop is often referred to as a musical art form, it was created by African-Americans and Latino-Americans in the 1970s. Its concept came from a younger generation of African-Americans in the Bronx, it is different from rap because it also includes elements of pop ,some say it was a beautiful, prideful expression of music, art, and dance from a backdrop of poverty. Since that ignition inRead MoreMusic and Race Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages† Generally performer collaborate songs to represent the popular pop culture, and social issues, and wish for their society as well as their current era. For instance, controversial issues such as sex, violence, racism and discrimination has been represented through many musical genres including the blues, RB, Disco/Funk, and Hip hop. When comparing previous historical periods to our current era, one can see tremendous differences in how they are exemplified in the genres have illustrated their

Justice For All Essay Example For Students

Justice For All? Essay Over the last thirty years, minorities have been given a better chance to succeed in America by way of Affirmative Action. Recently, there has been a surge of non-minority Americans claiming reverse racism. Affirmative Action is now being called preferential treatment. In the beginning, it was designed to help minorities have a more equal opportunity in the world. A group of non-minority Americans in California claimed that they were being denied admittance to universities in the admitting process. This led to Ward Connerly, a member of University of California Regents, promoting the anti Affirmative Action message (NLSPAC, 1). Proposition 209 bans both discrimination and preferential treatment to various minorities on the basis of race, creed, sex, or place of origin (NLSPAC, 1). Connerly does not clearly structure his mode of thought. His understanding of reality is not real pertaining to minorities. The social context of Affirmative Action is its origin in the Civil Rights Movement. It was designed to give minorities and women special consideration for contracts, employment, and education (Froomkin, 2). Connerly is not a woman and he does not acknowledge the fact that he is African American, a minority. Connerly owns a consulting firm and only divulges his race when necessary, I felt that it could be damaging to my business to be identified as a minority firm, he says (Pooley, 4). Connerly does not understand or cannot relate to other minorities about the struggles that minoritys face getting into corporate America. Since Connerly has already received his degree, owns his own business, and does not reveal his race for contracts, he does not understand what minorities who do not have these things go through. Therefore, his mode of thought is completely obscu red and distorted. I consider Connerlys group to be minorities. However, he cannot relate to his group because he does not speak the same language as his group. By language, I mean social attitude. Most minorities try to accept all of the help they can get. For instance, the government will defer a companys capital gains taxes indefinitely if that company sells a cable system to a partnership controlled by a minority (Birnbaum, 1). There have been other programs like this one where minorities benefited. This too will end if Affirmative Action is ended. Connerly does not understand that minorities still need special privileges to be as successful as non-minorities. He does not realize how much minorities stand to lose.. The meanings or opinions of a situation depend on which group you belong to in society. There are two different opinions to the same situation. One is held by minorities and the other by non-minorities. Connerly associates himself with the non-minorities. Connerlys inherited situation changed twice during his childhood. When he was four, his mother died and he was taken in by his middle class uncle and aunt (Pooley, 3). At age twelve, he went to live with his grandmother who was in the lower class bracket. It was during this time that Connerlys work ethic and also hate of his race began (Pooley, 3). He worked to help his grandmother and resented the fact he went to a lower income household. Connerly could not further his ways of knowing in his inherited situation because he disassociated himself from others in his race. This is due to struggles that he faced. Connerlys struggle with nature is one of his biggest problems. It is a natural fact that he was born a black male in the late 1930s in a lower class family. Civil Rights had not been established and he was considered an inferior citizen. Connerly wishes he could live in a colorblind society. Therefore, he could not be classified by something he wishes he were not. .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .postImageUrl , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:hover , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:visited , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:active { border:0!important; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:active , .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4 .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2766c60bd0dc4d631fd4e8277225b2a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enternal nutrition in icu EssayThe struggle of an individual with another individual happens on a daily basis. Minorities and non-minorities compete for contracts, educational, and employment opportunities on a daily basis. This causes major conflict between people. Critics of Affirmative Action claim that schools rely too heavily on racial double standards (Gwynne, 2). Now that Affirmative Action is helping minorities, non-minorities are feeling the same effects of not getting jobs and contracts that they had been getting previously. The playing field is more equal and non-minorities

Global Project Management Gower Publishing - Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Global Project Management of Gower Publishing, Ltd.? Answer: Introduction The background of the organization and the project are outlined in the Appendix section. This project is focused on the design and development of a suitable ecommerce website for the gift shop. There are certain business requirements that will be key factors while designing and developing the ecommerce website for the organization. In the next sections of the report, the project charter, communication plan and work breakdown structure for the project will be described and discussed. As a part of the project charter, the scope, objectives and other project related information will be discussed. Project Charter Name of the Project: Design and Development of the Ecommerce website for the Gift Shop. Authority of the Project The project charter has been developed to document the formal authorization of the project on design and development of an ecommerce website for the local gift shop. A project plan will be developed based on this charter and delivered to the sponsor of the project. The project plan will have scope statement of the project, Budget, cost and schedule estimation of the project, provisions for schedule, scope and resources related to the project, information about communication, risk, quality management for the project, stakeholder management and information about control management for the project. The project sponsor is the owner of the Gift shop,Mr.James. Scope of the Project The main purpose of this project is to help the Gift shop in moving their business to the ecommerce platform. It will help them to expand their business, manage supply chain, customer relations, sales, marketing, transactions etc. over the online platform. The project meets their requirements from an online business platform that will help them to compete with their competitors and managing their business in a better way. The operational costs will be reduced, the business processes will be more optimized and organized, and there will be lesser errors in the data collection processes, the ecommerce website will also help in analysis of customers demographics, sales and other transactional data. A fully functional ecommerce website meeting the business requirements of the gift shop will be delivered to the project sponsor at the completion of the project. Other detailed project deliverables include project plan, schedule, designs, mockups, coding and testing documents, implementation details, integration with the ERP system of the business that is being developed in parallel to the project. Business Case The purpose of this ecommerce website is to move the business of the Gift Shop over the online platform. It will help the customers to shop from the online store, pay for their order and getting the orders delivered to their addresses. The website will also help the customers to communicate with the gift shop authorities. The local Gift shop is undertaking this project as this project will help them to make their current business process more agile, they will be able to extend their customer base, they will be run their business 24x7, and they will have a new set of online marketing options for their business. All these opportunities will help them in up lifting their business to a new level and in earning more revenues. Ecommerce will add more scalability to their business. There are various ecommerce business and revenue model and the business will be able to utilize it. In a nut shell, the business will be able to expand and grow over a global and more effective platform. Local small gift selling businesses can also use the platform to sell their goods. The suppliers will also be able to communicate with the Gift shop through the ecommerce website. Identification of Project Manager The project manager is . The project manager is authorize in interfacing with the management and project sponsor as required. He has the sole responsibility to negotiate resources, giving suggestions to modify project framework, communicate to the other stakeholders and contractors as and when required. He is also responsible to deliver the project successfully within the time and budget constraints. The project manager has the responsibilities of developing project plan, tracking the progress according to the schedule, scope and cost of the project, monitoring and manage project implementation and holding control over the project by measurement of the project performance. If needed, the project manager is authorized to take any corrective action and plan during the life cycle of the project. Milestone Summary for the Project Following milestones will be part of the detailed project schedule. After approval of the project plan, the resources will be allocated to the different activities in the project schedule. If there is any changes in the approved project schedule then the modified schedules will be again submitted for approval from the project sponsor. The high level milestone summary for the project schedule has been described below, Date Milestone Description Current State Stakeholder Judge Acceptance Criteria Thu 3/12/15 Completion and approval of project Plan Development and approval of project plan is completed. Project manager. All details of the project is there, the plan is signed by related authorities. Thu 4/2/15 Selection and approval of the ecommerce website design. Pending Project manager and owner of the local gift shop. The final web design with all requirements and detailed design planning is approved from the project sponsor. Fri 5/1/15 Completion of coding and development. Pending Project manager All coding are completed for the selected website design. Mon 5/11/15 Completing on testing Pending Project manager Complete list of test plans and results of testing is available. The website has passed all testing. Wed 5/6/15 Integration with the ecommerce website Pending Project manager The website is working after integration. Thu 5/14/15 Completion of Acceptance testing Pending Project manager The website is accepted by the end users and the owner of the local Gift shop. Fri 5/15/15 Completion of implementation. Pending Project manager, owner of the local gift shop. The website is working satisfactory level after implementation. Project Budget The funding for the project will come from the project sponsor that is the owner of the Gift shop. The budget of the project has been estimated as $42,640.00. Project Duration The project duration has been estimated as 66 working days. The project is expected to start on Monday 3/9/15 and end on Monday 6/8/15, the ecommerce website will go live on Monday 5/18/15 Risk Management Risks are unavoidable in a project. As a part of the risk management at the charter level, following risk register matrix has summarized the identified risks, possible impact of the risks of the project and probable mitigation strategies for those risks. (Meredith Samuel J. Mantel, 2011) Risk ID Risk Description Risk Owner Mitigation plan 1 Lack of funding Project sponsor Ensure budget and cost management. Keeping contingencies. 2 Schedule slippage Project manager Prepare project schedule considering different circumstances and constraints. Keeping contingencies. 3 Lack of resources Project manager Ensure availability of resources and balancing the project team to ensure cross functionalities among the skills and knowledge of the team members. 4 Not meeting the business requirements Project manager Preparing thorough system requirement specification and feasibility study. 5 Post-implementation failure Project manager There should be enough monitoring, maintenance support. 6 Failure in acceptance test Project manager Testing the website rigorously. 7 Lack of communication among the stakeholders Project manager Preparing and stick to stakeholder management and communication plan. List of Stakeholder The stakeholders of this project are listed as, (Eskerod Jepsen, 2013) Stakeholder Role Connection to the project The business owner Project Sponsor is responsible for the funding of the project and being the owner of the project he will be directly affected from the outcome of the project. High Project Manager, is responsible to manage the project successfully by adjusting the constraints. He is also responsible for the outcome of the project. High Project Team members including system analyst, coder, tester, designer etc. They are responsible for working on the project, assuring the quality of the project throughout its life cycle. High Employees of the Gift shop They are responsible for delivering information about the current business process, the drawbacks, requirements etc. During the system analysis phase, they will be the source of information. They are related to the project as they will be the end users of the system and website being developed in this project. Medium Customers They are the important stakeholders as they are the end users of the website. Usability and acceptability of the website to the customers matters a lot for this this project. High Lesson Learned Lessons learned from success and failure of similar projects in website development for small to medium scale businesses. These information will guide as practical advices in this project. The details of the business process are learned from documentation and interviews of the owners, staffs etc. of the business. Other than that, theoretical knowledge on project management will also help in this project. The lesson learned are, Project scope will be followed by all parties to avoid chances of scope creep. Good or bad experiences from other similar projects, should be shared by all parties. The team will be aligned to the expectations of the project sponsor. This is a very critical requirement. The project sponsored will be informed regularly about the project. In this way the project manager will be committed to the project. If there is requirement for any change, then those are needed to be requested and resolved as soon as possible. The project will follow some change management process and formats. Those are needed to be followed. To avoid schedule slippage, the updates on projects should be tracked on weekly basis. In all stages, review of previous stages and events are needed to ensure learning any specific lesson from those. Team Operation Rule Team operation rules are developed for enhancing team functioning. These rules will help in increasing team effectiveness. These rules are applicable to all team members and they should work according to these rules. The team operating rules are, The team members will be available all the time. If there is some cases, when they cant be available, then they have to inform the project manager in advance. The team members will work as a team not as individual team members. They may need to take cross functional role if necessary. There will be weekly reporting to project manager about the progress and status of the works, every team member is needed to attend those meetings. It will be a meeting with the between team members and the project manager. a meeting is supposed to continue for 60 minutes to 90 minutes. Team members should work collaboratively and peacefully, they should respect each other. Whenever necessary, any team member may communicate to peers or the project manager. All team members are needed to follow behavioral conducts and policies of the company. Each team member will prepare their minutes of meeting. The role of recorder in a meeting will be rotated among the team members. Signatures Project Sponsor Name: Project Manager Name: Project Sponsor Signature: Project Manager Signature: Communication Plan The project communication plan is aimed to manage the communication across the project is an effective way. There will be various types of challenges and difficulties in a project. These difficulties may be related to schedule, technical aspects or cost of the project. Communication is essential in the project. A project will have different functional units, different project members and different stakeholders. There should be effective communication, co-ordination and co-operation among them. An effective communication plan may help in this context. A communication plan developed for a project should be workable enough. The communication plan will be managed by a project manager. It will help in managing expectations of stakeholders and in completing the project within time. The communication matrix for the project on design and development of the ecommerce website for the gift shop has been given below, (Kloppenborg, 2014) Stakeholder Learn from Share With Timing Method Owner Project Owner Project progress details. Formal approval, documents, notices etc. Weekly or periodically Emails, meetings. Project Manager Project Manager Project documents, process, control management etc. Format reports and project deliverables. Daily Email, phone, meeting System analyst, designer, developer tester System Analyst Interviews, observations. System requirement specification document. During requirement analysis phase. Email, phone, meeting Project owner, employees. Designer Requirement specification document, feedbacks from project owner. Design mockups, reports. During design phase Email, phone, meeting Project manager Developer Designs, system requirement specifications Code, reports. During development phase. Email, phone, meeting Project manager, designer. Tester System requirement specifications, codes, test plans Test plan, test reports. During testing Email, phone, meeting Project manager, developer, and designer. Employees of the Gift Shop Notices and information from the project manager or the project owner. Forms Periodically Email, notices Project owner, project manager. Customers of the Gift Shop Notices and advertises from the project owner. Forms, feedbacks. At the end of the project or when required. Email, advertisements. Project owner. Agenda of meeting and minutes of meeting will help in documenting the meetings held for a project. There will be timely descriptions for the minutes of a meeting. Information like, agendas of a meeting, participants in a meeting, discussion details etc. will be recorded through these documents. These will be signed and will be used as official documents. An agenda of meeting and minutes of meeting will be similar as, Project Name: Design and Development of the Ecommerce website for the Gift Shop Agenda for project meeting: weekly update on project progress. Date of Meeting Time Location Participants Project manager, all project team members Other information Serial number Time Topic of discussion Introduction Minutes of the day approval Highlighted issues. Discussion on issue 1 Discussion on issue 2 New topic Question and answer session. Scheduling next date of meeting. Signatures Work Breakdown Structure The work breakdown structure for the project is, Ecommerce Website Design and Development Project Initiation of the Project Development of Project charter Approval of project charterCompletion and approval of project plan. Requirement Analysis Interview stakeholders Observation Preparation of requirement specification document Feasibility study Planning Develop project schedule Get approval for the project schedule Allocate resources Communication management planning Stakeholder management planning Risk management planning Control management planning Test plan development Design of Website Prepare design mock ups. Approval of design mockup Creation of final website designDevelopment Coding Testing Completion on coding and development. Integration with the ERP system Integration with the Ecommerce website.Testing Integration testing Completion of testing Acceptance testing Completion of acceptance testing.Implementation Hosting the website Completion of implementation. Go LivePost Implementation Maintenance and troubleshooting Based on this work breakdown structure, the following WBS along with milestones has been developed in the Microsoft Project 2013 References Binder, J. C., 2007. Global Project Management. s.l.:Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Carroll, J., 2012. Effective Project Management in Easy Steps. s.l.:In Easy Steps. Chatfield, C. Johnson, T., 2013. Microsoft Project 2013 Step by Step. s.l.:Pearson . Eskerod, P. Jepsen, A. L., 2013. Project Stakeholder Management. s.l.:Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Forbes, D. E., 2000. Project Management Information Systems. s.l.:Transportation Research Board. Kloppenborg, T., 2014. Contemporary Project Management. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Meredith, J. R. Samuel J. Mantel, J., 2011. Project Management. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. PMBOK, 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. s.l.:Project Management Institute, Incorporated. University of Delaware, 2015. sample letter of sponsorship - University of Delaware. [Online] Available at: https://www.udel.edu/eli/sponsor-letter-individual.pdf [Accessed 2015]. Young, T. L., 2013. Successful Project Management. s.l.:Kogan Page Publishers.